Method and apparatus for managing user plane operation in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Embodiments herein achieve a UE for managing a user plane operation in a wireless communication system. The UE includes a user plane management unit coupled to a memory and a processor. The user plane management unit is configured to receive a signaling message from a gNodeB. Further, the user plane management unit is configured to determine whether the signaling message includes control information comprising one of a PDCP re-establish indication and a security key change indication. Further, the user plane management unit is configured to perform the at least one operation for at least one data radio bearer based on the determination.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/588,820, filed Sep. 30, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,784,949, which isa continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/673,287, filedAug. 9, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,432,291, which claims priority toIndian Patent Application No. 201641027192, filed Aug. 9, 2016, IndianPatent Application No. 201741015620, filed May 3, 2017, and IndianPatent Application No. 201641027192, filed Aug. 8, 2017, the disclosuresof which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

The embodiments herein relate to a wireless communication system, andmore particularly, to a method and apparatus for managing a user planeoperation in a wireless communication system such as 5G communicationsystem.

2. Description of Related Art

To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased sincedeployment of 4^(th) generation (4G) communication systems, efforts havebeen made to develop an improved 5^(th) generation (5G) or pre-5Gcommunication system. Therefore, the 5G or pre-5G communication systemis also called a ‘Beyond 4G Network’ or a ‘Post Long Term Evolution(LTE) System’.

The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higherfrequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 28 giga-Hertz (GHz) or 60 GHz bands, soas to accomplish higher data rates. To decrease propagation loss of theradio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming,massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO(FD-MIMO), array antenna, an analog beam forming, large scale antennatechniques are discussed in 5G communication systems.

In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system networkimprovement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud RadioAccess Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D)communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperativecommunication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-endinterference cancellation and the like.

In the 5G system, Hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadratureamplitude modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding(SWSC) as an advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and sparse codemultiple access (SCMA) as an advanced access technology have beendeveloped.

The next generation wireless system is expected to address different usecases having quite different requirements in terms of data rate,latency, reliability, mobility etc. However, the next generationwireless system is expected that the design of an air-interface of thenext generation would be flexible enough to serve a set of UserEquipment's (UEs) having quite different capabilities depending on theuse case and market segment the UE cater service to an end customer. Fewexample, use cases, the next generation wireless system is expected toaddress an enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine TypeCommunication (m-MTC), ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLL)etc. The eMBB requirements like tens of Gbps data rate, low latency,high mobility so on and so forth address the market segment representingthe conventional wireless broadband subscribers needing internetconnectivity everywhere, all the time and on the go.

The m-MTC requirements like very high connection density, infrequentdata transmission, very long battery life, low mobility address so onand so forth address the market segment representing the Internet ofThings (IoT)/Internet of Everything (IoE) envisioning connectivity ofbillions of devices. The URLL requirements like very low latency, veryhigh reliability and variable mobility so on and so forth address themarket segment representing the Industrial automation application,vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure communication foreseen asone of the enabler for autonomous cars.

In the conventional systems, the UE in a connected state communicateswith an Enhanced Node B (eNB). A radio protocol stack for communicationbetween the UE and the eNB comprises of Packet Data Convergence Protocol(PDCP), Radio link control (RLC), a Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical (PHY) sub layers. One or more data radio bearers (DRBs) areestablished between the UE and the eNB for exchanging user planepackets. Each DRB is associated with one PDCP entity and one or more RLCentities. Each DRB is associated with a logical channel in the MAC sublayer. There is one MAC entity in the UE for the eNB.

In the conventional systems, the main services and functions of the MACsublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transportchannels, Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one ordifferent logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) deliveredto/from the physical layer on the transport channels, schedulinginformation reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handlingbetween the logical channels of one UE, priority handling between theUEs by means of dynamic scheduling, transport format selection andpadding.

The main services and functions of the RLC sublayer include: transfer ofupper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ (only for AcknowledgedMode (AM) data transfer), concatenation, segmentation and reassembly ofRLC SDUs (only for Un-acknowledgement Mode (UM) and AM data transfer),re-segmentation of the RLC data PDUs (only for the AM data transfer),reordering of the RLC data PDUs (only for the UM and AM data transfer),duplicate detection (only for the UM and AM data transfer), protocolerror detection (only for the AM data transfer), the RLC SDU discard(only for the UM and AM data transfer), and RLC re-establishment.

Functions of the RLC sub layer are performed by the RLC entities. TheRLC entity can be configured to perform the data transfer in one of thefollowing three modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM),and Acknowledged Mode (AM). Consequently, the RLC entity is categorizedas a TM RLC entity, an UM RLC entity and an AM RLC entity depending onthe mode of data transfer that the RLC entity is configured to provide.The TM RLC entity is configured either as a transmitting TM RLC entityor a receiving TM RLC entity. The transmitting TM RLC entity receivesRLC SDUs from an upper layer (i.e. PDCP) and sends RLC PDUs to its peerreceiving the TM RLC entity via lower layers (i.e. MAC). The receivingTM RLC entity delivers the RLC SDUs to the upper layer (i.e. PDCP) andreceives the RLC PDUs from its peer transmitting the TM RLC entity viathe lower layers (i.e. MAC).

Further, the UM RLC entity is configured either as a transmitting UM RLCentity or a receiving UM RLC entity. The transmitting UM RLC entityreceives the RLC SDUs from the upper layer and sends the RLC PDUs to itspeer receiving UM RLC entity via the lower layers. The receiving UM RLCentity delivers the RLC SDUs to the upper layer and receives the RLCPDUs from its peer transmitting the UM RLC entity via the lower layers.The AM RLC entity consists of a transmitting side and a receiving side.The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity receives the RLC SDUs fromthe upper layer and sends the RLC PDUs to its peer AM RLC entity via thelower layers. The receiving side of the AM RLC entity delivers the RLCSDUs to the upper layer and receives the RLC PDUs from its peer AM RLCentity via the lower layers.

The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user planeinclude: header compression and decompression: ROHC only, transfer ofuser data, in-sequence delivery of the upper layer PDUs at PDCPre-establishment procedure for RLC AM, For split bearers in the DC (onlysupport for the RLC AM): PDCP PDU routing for transmission and PDCP PDUreordering for reception, duplicate detection of the lower layer SDUs atthe PDCP re-establishment procedure for the RLC AM, retransmission ofthe PDCP SDUs at handover and, for split bearers in DC, of PDCP PDUs atPDCP data-recovery procedure, for RLC AM, ciphering and deciphering, andtimer-based SDU discard in an uplink (UL). Functions of the PDCP sublayer are performed by the PDCP entities. Each PDCP entity carries thedata of one radio bearer. Due to the UE mobility, the UE may handoverfrom one eNB to another eNB. In DC due to UE mobility, the UE mayhandover from one MeNB to another MeNB or SCG change from one SeNB toanother SeNB. The eNB may support multiple cells and the UE may alsohandover from one cell to another cell of same eNB. After the handover,the user plane protocols for the DRBs configured with the RLC layer inthe AM mode are handled as follows in a legacy system: a PDCP SN ismaintained on a bearer basis; a source eNB informs the target eNB aboutthe next DL PDCP SN to allocate to a packet which does not have a PDCPsequence number yet (either from the source eNB or from a servinggateway); For security synchronisation, a Hyper Frame Number (HFN) isalso maintained; the source eNB provides to the target one reference HFNfor the UL and one for the DL i.e., HFN and corresponding SN; Securitykeys are refreshed; the UE sends PDCP status report to the target eNB ifthe PDCP is configured by the target eNB. The configuration to sendstatus report is per bearer; the target eNB may send the PDCP statusreport to the UE and the UE does not need to wait to resume ULtransmission; the UE re-transmits in the target eNB or the target cell,all uplink PDCP SDUs starting from the first PDCP SDU following the lastconsecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e., the oldest PDCP SDU that has notbeen acknowledged at the RLC in the source, excluding the PDCP SDUs ofwhich the reception is acknowledged through the PDCP SN based reportingby the target eNB. The target eNB re-transmits and prioritizes alldownlink PDCP SDUs forwarded by the source eNB (i.e., the target eNBshould send data with the PDCP SNs from X2 before sending data from S1),with the exception of the PDCP SDUs of which the reception isacknowledged through the PDCP SN based reporting by the UE; the ROHC isreset; and the RLC/MAC is reset. The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDUreordering buffer are deciphered and decompressed and kept in the PDCP,associated with COUNT.

Alternately, after the handover the user plane protocols for DRBsconfigured with RLC in the UM mode are handled as follows in legacysystem: the PDCP SN is reset; the HFN is reset; the security keys arerefreshed; No PDCP status report is transmitted; No PDCP SDUs areretransmitted in the target eNB; The UE PDCP entity does not attempt toretransmit any PDCP SDU in the target cell for which transmission hadbeen completed in the source cell. Instead UE PDCP entity starts thetransmission with other PDCP SDUs; ROHC is reset; and RLC/MAC is reset.

In case of intra eNB handover from one cell to another, a PDCP entitylocation is unchanged (i.e., remain in same eNB), so that the securitykey refresh is unnecessary in a legacy procedure and leads to delay indata transmission/reception in the target cell as new keys needs to besynchronized between the UE and the target cell and data which arealready encrypted in the source cell needs to be re-encrypted using thenew key.

In the next generation communication system, new radio access networkarchitecture comprising of centralized units (CUs) and distributed units(DUs) is being considered. There can be one or more DUs under one CU.The radio protocol stack or functions for communication may be splitbetween the CU and the DUs in various manners. For example, in oneoption PDCP layer/functions are located in the CU and the RLC/MAC/PHYfunctions/layers are located in the DU. In another option, the PDCP/RLClayers/functions are located in the CU and the MAC/PHY layers/functionsare located in the DU. Similarly, there can be other options to splitfunctionality between the CU and the DU. In such a radio access networkarchitecture, due to the UE mobility, the UE may move from one DU toanother DU within same CU or the UE may move from one DU to another DUin different CU. In another scenario, the UE may detect a Radio LinkFailure (RLF) on the serving DU and then it switches to the target DUwithin same CU or different CU. For these scenarios i.e., inter CU DUchange or intra CU DU change handling of the user planeprotocols/functions is not defined for both RLF and non RLF cases. Thesimplest approach would be to follow the same operation as defined forhandover in the legacy system. However, this is not efficient.

The above information is presented as background information only tohelp the reader to understand the present invention. Applicants havemade no determination and make no assertion as to whether any of theabove might be applicable as Prior Art with regard to the presentapplication.

SUMMARY

To address the above-discussed deficiencies, it is a primary object toprovide a method and apparatus for user plane operation in wirelesscommunication system.

Another object of the embodiments is to disclose various operationsperformed by the UE during TRP/DU switch for the radio protocol stack oruser plane functions where the user plane functions may be split betweena CU and a TRP/DU in various manners.

Another object of the embodiments disclose an inter CU DU change orintra CU DU change handling for both RLF and non RLF cases.

Embodiments herein disclose a method for managing a user plane operationin a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving, by aUE, a signaling message from a gNodeB. Further, the method includesdetermining, by the UE, whether the signaling message includes controlinformation comprising one of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)re-establish indication and a security key change indication. Further,the method includes performing, by the UE, the at least one operationfor at least one data radio bearer based on the determination.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE, the at least one operation forthe at least one data radio bearer in response to determine that thesignaling message including the control information comprising one ofthe PDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indicationcomprises: re-generating at least one of access stratum security keys,re-setting a header compression protocol, setting a transmit stateparameter to zero for a UM uplink data radio bearer, where the transmitstate parameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to betransmitted, setting a receive state parameter to zero for a UM downlinkdata radio bearer, where the receive state parameter indicates COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be received, setting a receive stateparameter to zero for a UM downlink data radio bearer, where the receivestate parameter indicates COUNT value following the COUNT valueassociated with the PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start ofreordering timer, maintaining a current value of transmit stateparameter for uplink AM data radio bearer, where the transmit stateparameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted,maintaining a receive state parameter for an AM downlink data radiobearer, where the receive state parameter indicates COUNT valuefollowing the COUNT value associated with the PDCP Data PDU which hastriggered start of reordering timer, maintaining a current value of areceive state parameter for a downlink AM data radio bearer, where thereceive state parameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to bereceived; and performing one of: retransmitting all the PDCP SDUs of anAM DRB which are already associated with the PDCP SNs in ascending orderof the COUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entityre-establishment from the first PDCP SDU for which the successfuldelivery of the corresponding PDCP Data PDU has not been confirmed bythe RLC, transmitting all the PDCP SDUs of an AM DRB which are alreadyassociated with the PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNT valuesassociated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entity re-establishment,where the discard timer is not restarted for the PDCP SDUs, headercompression and ciphering is performed for the PDCP SDUs, transmittingthe PDCP SDUs of an UM DRB which are not yet transmitted and which arealready associated with the PDCP SNs in the ascending order of the COUNTvalues associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entityre-establishment, where the discard timer is not restarted for the PDCPSDUs, the header compression and ciphering are performed for the PDCPSDUs, and the sequence number and the COUNT value are re-assigned forthe PDCP SDUs.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE, the at least one operation forthe at least one data radio bearer which is part of current UEconfiguration in response to determine that the signaling message doesnot include one of the PDCP re-establish indication and the security keychange indication comprises: using existing at least one of accessstratum security keys, maintaining a header compression protocol,maintaining a current value of a transmit state parameter for an uplinkdata radio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicates COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, maintaining a currentvalue of a receive state parameter for a downlink data radio bearer,wherein the receive state parameter indicates COUNT value of the nextPDCP SDU to be received, maintaining a receive state parameter for adownlink data radio bearer, wherein the receive state parameterindicates a COUNT value following the COUNT value associated with thePDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer, andretransmitting all the PDCP Data PDUs of the AM DRB previously submittedto re-establish the AM RLC entity in ascending order of the associatedCOUNT values from the first PDCP Data PDU for which the successfuldelivery has not been confirmed by the RLC.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is a handover command.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is a secondary node change.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is a bearer change.

In an embodiment, the operation is performed by the UE for each dataradio bearer which is part of current UE configuration.

In an embodiment, the operation is performed by the UE for at least onedata radio bearer indicated in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the PDCP re-establish indication is indicated byincluding a one bit indicator in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the security key change indication is indicated byincluding a one bit key change indicator in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the security key change indication is indicated byincluding security information in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE, the at least one operation forthe at least one data radio bearer in response to determining that thesignaling message including the control information comprising one ofthe PDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indicationcomprises: re-generating the one or more access stratum security keys,re-establishing the PDCP entity for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the PDCP entity for the UM data radio bearer,re-establishing a RLC entity for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the RLC entity for the UM data radio bearer, andre-setting a MAC entity.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE, at least one operation for theat least one data radio bearer in response to determining that thesignaling message comprising the control information does not includeone of the PDCP re-establish indication and the security key changeindication comprises: using the existing one or more access stratumsecurity keys, initiating a data recovery procedure for the AM dataradio bearer, re-establishing the RLC entity for the AM data radiobearer, re-establishing the RLC entity for the UM data radio bearer, andre-setting the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, re-establishing the PDCP entity of the data radiobearer comprises: setting a transmit state parameter to zero for the UMdata radio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicates theCOUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, setting a receivestate parameter to zero for a UM data radio bearer, wherein the receivestate parameter indicates a COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to bereceived, setting a receive state parameter to zero for a UM data radiobearer, wherein the receive state parameter indicates a COUNT valuefollowing the COUNT value associated with the PDCP Data PDU which hastriggered start of reordering timer, re-setting a header compressionprotocol, retransmitting all the PDCP SDUs of a AM data radio bearerwhich are already associated with PDCP SNs in ascending order of theCOUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entityre-establishment from the first PDCP SDU for which the successfuldelivery of the corresponding PDCP Data PDU has not been confirmed byRLC, and transmitting each PDCP SDU of a UM DRB and AM DRB alreadyassociated with a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has notpreviously been submitted to a lower layer in ascending order of theCOUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPre-establishment by performing header compression and ciphering for thePDCP SDUs of UM and AM DRBs, re-assigning sequence number and COUNTvalue for the PDCP SDUs of UM DRBs and without restarting a discardtimer.

In an embodiment, initiating the data recovery procedure for an AM dataradio bearer comprises: retransmitting all the PDCP data PDUs previouslysubmitted to re-established AM RLC entity in ascending order of theassociated COUNT values from the first PDCP Data PDU for which thesuccessful delivery has not been confirmed by the RLC; and transmittinga PDCP status report if the PDCP status report is requested by thegNodeB, where a request for the PDCP status report is included insignaling message received from the gNodeB.

In an embodiment, the header compression protocol is reset by receivinga request from the gNodeB.

Embodiments herein disclose a method for managing a user plane operationin a wireless communication system. The method includes determining, bya gNodeB, whether an anchor point in a network for a PDCP entityassociated with at least one data radio bearer established for a UE ischanged. Further, the method includes transmitting, by the gNodeB, asignaling message including control information to the UE. The controlinformation includes one of a PDCP re-establish indication and asecurity key change indication in response to determining that theanchor point in the network for the PDCP entity associated with the atleast one data radio bearer established for the UE is changed.

Embodiments herein disclose a UE for managing user plane operations in awireless communication system. The UE includes a user plane managementunit coupled to a memory and a processor. The user plane management unitis configured to receive a signaling message from a gNodeB. Further, theuser plane management unit is configured to determine whether thesignaling message includes control information comprising one of a PDCPre-establish indication and a security key change indication. Further,the user plane management unit is configured to perform the at least oneoperation for at least one data radio bearer based on the determination.

Embodiments herein disclose an apparatus for managing user planeoperations in a wireless communication system. The apparatus includes auser plane management unit coupled to a memory and a processor. The userplane management unit is configured to determine whether an anchor pointin a network for a PDCP entity associated with at least one data radiobearer established for the UE is changed. Further, the user planemanagement unit is configured to transmit a signaling message includingcontrol information to the UE. The control information includes one of aPDCP re-establish indication and a security key change indication if theanchor point in the network for the PDCP entity associated with at leastone data radio bearer established for the UE is changed.

These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be betterappreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with thefollowing description and the accompanying drawings. It should beunderstood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicatingpreferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are givenby way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes andmodifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments hereinwithout departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments hereininclude all such modifications.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” aswell as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term“or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases “associated with” and“associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean toinclude, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be containedwithin, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with,cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to orwith, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller”means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least oneoperation, such a device may be implemented in hardware, firmware orsoftware, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should benoted that the functionality associated with any particular controllermay be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely.

Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed fromcomputer readable program code and embodied in a computer readablemedium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or morecomputer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or aportion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computerreadable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code”includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code,and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes anytype of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as readonly memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, acompact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired,wireless, optical, or other communication links that transporttransitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computerreadable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored andmedia where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as arewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout thispatent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understandthat in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, aswell as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals represent like parts

FIG. 1A is an example illustration a Radio Access Network (RAN)architecture of a next generation wireless communication system,according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIG. 1B illustrates fragmentation of a cell-identifier into TRP-Group Idand TRP Id, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIGS. 2A to 2E illustrate various user plane architectures, according toan embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing, by a UE, auser plane operation in the next generation wireless communicationsystem, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing, by agNodeB, the user plane operation in the next generation wirelesscommunication system, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are an example operation performed by the UE based onPDCP re-establish indication information, according to an embodiment asdisclosed herein;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are an example operation performed by the UE based onsecurity key change indication information, according to an embodimentas disclosed herein;

FIGS. 7A to 7C are depicting various operations performed by the UE whenthe UE switches from a source TRP/DU to a target TRP/DU, according to anembodiment as disclosed herein;

FIGS. 8A and 8B are depicting various operations performed by the UEwhen the UE switches from a source TRP/DU to a target TRP/DU, accordingto an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIGS. 9-11 are illustrating sequence diagrams depicting variousoperations performed, by the UE, for switching from the source TRP/DU tothe target TRP/DU, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIGS. 12A to 12E illustrate various architectures explained for aService Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) configuration handling,according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;

FIG. 13 illustrates various units of the gNodeB, according to anembodiment as disclosed herein; and

FIG. 14 illustrates various units of the UE, according to an embodimentas disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 through 14, discussed below, and the various embodiments used todescribe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the artwill understand that the principles of the present disclosure may beimplemented in any suitably arranged system or device.

The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous detailsthereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limitingembodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings anddetailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-knowncomponents and processing techniques are omitted so as to notunnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Also, the variousembodiments described herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive, assome embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments toform new embodiments. The term “or” as used herein, refers to anon-exclusive or, unless otherwise indicated. The examples used hereinare intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which theembodiments herein can be practiced and to further enable those skilledin the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examplesshould not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

As is traditional in the field, embodiments may be described andillustrated in terms of blocks which carry out a described function orfunctions. These blocks, which may be referred to herein as units ormodules or the like, are physically implemented by analog or digitalcircuits such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors,microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, activeelectronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits, or thelike, and may optionally be driven by firmware and/or software. Thecircuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductorchips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and thelike. The circuits constituting a block may be implemented by dedicatedhardware, or by a processor (e.g., one or more programmedmicroprocessors and associated circuitry), or by a combination ofdedicated hardware to perform some functions of the block and aprocessor to perform other functions of the block. Each block of theembodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting anddiscrete blocks without departing from the scope of the invention.Likewise, the blocks of the embodiments may be physically combined intomore complex blocks without departing from the scope of the invention

Embodiments herein provide a UE for managing a user plane operation in awireless communication system. The UE includes a user plane managementunit coupled to a memory and a processor. The user plane management unitis configured to receive a signaling message from a gNodeB. Further, theuser plane management unit is configured to determine whether thesignaling message includes control information comprising one of a PDCPre-establish indication and a security key change indication. Further,the user plane management unit is configured to perform the at least oneoperation for at least one data radio bearer based on the determination.

Unlike the conventional methods and the systems, in the next generationcommunication systems, a new radio access network (RAN) architectureincludes centralized units (CUs) and distributed units (DUs). There canbe one or more DUs under one CU. The radio protocol stack or functionsfor communication may be split between the CUs and the DUs in variousmanners. In such RAN architecture, due to mobility scenario, the UE maymove from one DU to another DU within same CU or the UE may move fromone DU to another DU in different CU. Also, the UE may detect RLF on theserving DU and then switches to a target DU within same CU or differentCU.

Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout thispatent disclosure, those of ordinary skill in the art should understandthat in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, aswell as future uses of such defined words and phrases. For example, the5G communication systems or Next generation of IMT-Advanced systems issimply referred as next generation wireless system (NG) or nextgeneration RAT (NR) throughout this patent disclosure. Another example,the terminal is referred as a User Equipment (UE) throughout the patentdisclosure. It is to be noted that term ‘CU’ and ‘NB’ are usedinterchangeably in the description of application. It is to be notedthat term ‘Cell’, ‘Coverage Area’, ‘Transmission Reception Points (TRPs)Group’ and ‘DU group’ are used interchangeably in the description ofapplication. It is to be noted that terms, ‘TRP’ and ‘DU’ are usedinterchangeably in the description of application.

The present disclosure is adapted in the 3GPP TR 38.801 standard and3GPP TS 38.300 standard. The standards have agreed the RAN architecturefor CU-DU split where the PDCP entity resides in the CU while the RLCand MAC entity resides in the DU. Based on the agreed RAN architecturefor CU-DU split, there is standard progress and agreements for userplane operation/function handling.

Unlike in the LTE system, in order to assist the UE for performingappropriate action related to the user plane operation, the networksends one or more functional indications. These functional indicationscan be sent in the RRC connection reconfiguration message or any othersignaling message used for TRP/DU switching to indicate the UE whataction it has to take associated with the corresponding function of userplane processing.

Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1A through14, there are shown preferred embodiments.

FIG. 1A is an example illustration a RAN architecture of a nextgeneration wireless communication system 100, according to an embodimentas disclosed herein. In an embodiment, the next generation wirelesscommunication system 100 includes a gateway (GW) 101, a set of UE's 102a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 x, 102 y, and 102 z (hereafter, the label of the UEis 102), a set of eNBs or CU 103 a, 103 b (hereafter, the label of theeNB or the CU is 103), a set of cells 104 a, 104 b (hereafter, the labelof the cell is 104), and a set of TRPs or DU 105 a, 105 b, 105 x, and105 y (hereafter, the label of the TRP or DU is 105).

The UEs 102 may be dispersed throughout the next generation wirelesscommunication system 100. The UE 102 may also include or be referred toby those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, amobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobiledevice, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remotedevice, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobileterminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a useragent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

The UE 102 can be, for example, but not limited to a cellular phone, asmart phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, awireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, alaptop computer, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a Universal SerialBus (USB) dongle, a wireless router, etc.

The eNB 103 may also include or be referred to by those skilled in theart as a base station, a base transceiver station, a radio base station,an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, 5G-eNB, gNB, gNodeB, NB,or some other suitable terminology.

In the present disclosure, the mmWave/cmWave band is considered ascommon scenario for deployment of next generation RAT and hence theprocedures are described taking the radio characteristics in thosebands. However, in practical deployments it is possible to apply theair-interface of the next generation wireless communication system 100even below 10 GHz band, therefore the applicability of the nextgeneration RAT and the procedure disclosed in the present disclosureshould not be considered strictly limited to mmWave/cmWave bands. Sincethe radio characteristics is different for frequencies in themmWave/cmWave bands compared to frequencies in sub 6 GHz bands, it isalso expected next generation wireless communication system 100 wouldhave native support for beamforming techniques for both broadcast andunicast transmissions towards the UE 102 to overcome short propagationdistances of radio signals at the mmWave/cmWave frequencies.

The eNB/CU 103 is configured to determine whether the anchor point inthe network for the PDCP entity associated with the at least one dataradio bearer established for the UE 102 is changed. Further, the eNB/CU103 is configured to transmit the signaling message including thecontrol information to the UE 102. The control information includes oneof the PDCP re-establish indication and the security key changeindication in response to determine that the anchor point in the networkfor the PDCP entity associated with the at least one data radio bearerestablished for the UE 102 is changed.

The UE 102 is configured to receive the signaling message from thegNodeB (e.g., eNB/CU 103). After receiving the signaling message fromthe gNodeB, the UE 102 is configured to determine whether the signalingmessage includes the control information comprising one of the PDCPre-establish indication and the security key change indication. Further,the UE 102 is configured to perform the at least one operation for theat least one data radio bearer based on the determination.

In an embodiment, if the UE 102 determines that the signaling messageincludes the control information comprising one of the PDCP re-establishindication and the security key change indication then, the UE 102performs one or more operations for at least one data radio bearer. Theoperation corresponds to re-generate at least one of access stratumsecurity keys, re-set a header compression protocol, set a transmitstate parameter to zero for the UM uplink data radio bearer, where thetransmit state parameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU tobe transmitted, set a receive state parameter to zero for a UM downlinkdata radio bearer, where the receive state parameter indicates COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be received, set a receive state parameterto zero for a UM downlink data radio bearer, where the receive stateparameter indicates COUNT value following the COUNT value associatedwith the PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer,maintain a current value of transmit state parameter for uplink AM dataradio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicates COUNT valueof the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, maintaining a receive stateparameter for an AM downlink data radio bearer, where the receive stateparameter indicates COUNT value following the COUNT value associatedwith the PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer,maintain a current value of a receive state parameter for a downlink AMdata radio bearer, where the receive state parameter indicates COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be received; and perform one of:retransmit all the PDCP SDUs of an AM DRB which are already associatedwith the PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNT values associated tothe PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entity re-establishment from the firstPDCP SDU for which the successful delivery of the corresponding PDCPData PDU has not been confirmed by the RLC, and transmit all the PDCPSDUs of an AM DRB which are already associated with the PDCP SNs inascending order of the COUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior tothe PDCP entity re-establishment wherein the discard timer is notrestarted, and the header compression and ciphering is performed for thePDCP SDUs, and transmit the PDCP SDUs of an UM DRB which are not yettransmitted and which are already associated with the PDCP SNs inascending order of the COUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior tothe PDCP entity re-establishment wherein the discard timer is notrestarted, the header compression and ciphering are performed for thePDCP SDUs, and the sequence number and the COUNT value are re-assignedfor the PDCP SDUs.

In an embodiment, the UE 102 can be configured to perform one or moreoperations for the at least one data radio bearer which is part ofcurrent UE 102 configuration in response to determining that thesignaling message comprising the control information does not includeone of the PDCP re-establish indication and the security key changeindication. The operation corresponds to use existing at least one ofaccess stratum security keys, maintain the header compression protocol,maintain the current value of the transmit state parameter for theuplink data radio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicatesthe COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, maintaining thecurrent value of the receive state parameter for the downlink data radiobearer, where the receive sequence number parameter indicates COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be received, maintain the receive stateparameter for the downlink data radio bearer, where the receive stateparameter indicates the COUNT value following the COUNT value associatedwith the PDCP data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer andretransmit all the PDCP Data PDUs of AM DRB previously submitted tore-established AM RLC entity in ascending order of the associated COUNTvalues from the first PDCP Data PDU for which the successful deliveryhas not been confirmed by the RLC.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is the handover command.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is the secondary node change.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is a bearer change.

In an embodiment, the operation is performed by the UE 102 for each dataradio bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration.

In an embodiment, the operation is performed by the UE 102 for at leastone data radio bearer indicated in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the PDCP re-establish indication is indicated byincluding a one bit indicator in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the security key change indication is indicated byincluding a one bit key change indicator in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the security key change indication is indicated byincluding security information in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the UE 102 can be configured to perform one or moreoperations for the at least one data radio bearer in response todetermining that the signaling message includes one of the PDCPre-establish indication and the security key change indication. Theoperation corresponds to re-generate the one or more access stratumsecurity keys, re-establish the PDCP entity for the AM data radiobearer, re-establishes the PDCP entity for the UM data radio bearer,re-establishes the RLC entity for the AM data radio bearer, re-establishthe RLC entity for the UM data radio bearer, and re-set the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, the UE 102 can be configured to perform one or moreoperations for at least one data radio bearer in response to determiningthat the signaling message including the control information does notinclude one of the PDCP re-establish indication and the security keychange indication. The operation corresponds to perform use the existingone or more access stratum security keys, initiate a data recoveryprocedure for the AM data radio bearer, re-establishes the RLC entityfor the AM data radio bearer, re-establishes the RLC entity for the UMdata radio bearer, and re-set the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, re-establish the PDCP entity of the data radio bearercomprises: set the transmit state parameter to zero for the UM dataradio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicates the COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, set a receive stateparameter to zero for the UM data radio bearer, wherein the receivestate parameter indicates the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to bereceived, set the receive state parameter to zero for the UM data radiobearer, wherein the receive state parameter indicates the COUNT valuefollowing the COUNT value associated with the PDCP data PDU which hastriggered start of reordering timer, re-set the header compressionprotocol, retransmit all the PDCP SDUs of the AM data radio bearer whichare already associated with PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNTvalues associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entityre-establishment from the first PDCP SDU for which the successfuldelivery of the corresponding PDCP Data PDU has not been confirmed byRLC, and transmit each PDCP SDU of the UM DRB and AM DRB alreadyassociated with the PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has notpreviously been submitted to the lower layer in ascending order of theCOUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPre-establishment by performing header compression and ciphering for thePDCP SDUs of AM and UM DRBs, re-assigning sequence number and COUNTvalue for the PDCP SDUs of UM DRBs and without restarting a discardtimer for the PDCP SDUs of AM and UM DRBs.

In an embodiment, initiate the data recovery procedure for the AM dataradio bearer comprises: retransmitting all the PDCP data PDUs previouslysubmitted to re-established AM RLC entity in ascending order of theassociated COUNT values from the first PDCP Data PDU for which thesuccessful delivery has not been confirmed by the RLC, and transmit thePDCP status report if the PDCP status report is requested by the gNodeB,where a request for the PDCP status report is included in signalingmessage received from the gNodeB.

In an embodiment, the header compression protocol is reset by receivinga request from the gNodeB.

Further, the GW 101 can be connected to 5G nodes of next generation RATi.e., 5G NBs/CUs 103 for handling the frequency carrier(s) in thecoverage area 104. One CU 103 may be connected to more than one GW 101.Within the coverage of 5G NB1/CU1 and 5G NB2/CU2 103, the plurality ofUE's 102 which support multiple RAT functionalities (like GSM, UMTS,LTE, etc.,) and also next generation RAT functionalities (5G) are servedin one or more cell(s) 104. Regardless of the UE 102 support type, eachUE 102 can access at least one carrier based on the next generation RAT.

The next generation wireless communication system 100 hierarchy wouldconsist of the set of 5G CU/NB nodes 103 such that each CU 103 nodeserves 1 . . . m coverage areas or cell(s) or DU groups or TRP groups104. Further, one 5G cell or coverage area 104 or the DU groups or theTRP groups consists of 1 . . . n TRPs or DUs 105 so on and so forth, ‘n’can be one i.e., each DU can be a cell. A front haul between the CU 103and TRPs/DUs 105 etc., can be ideal or non-ideal.

The TRPs/DUs 105 of one 5G cell or coverage area 104 controlled by the5G CU/NB 103 will operate to provide 1 . . . p “DL coverage beams”.Further, it seems reasonable to assume all TRPs/DUs belonging to thesame cell or coverage area are “time synchronized” i.e., same radioframe and System Frame Number (SFN) timing. However, in someimplementation, the TRPs/DUs 105 may not be time synchronized. The radioframe duration of the IMT-Advanced is 10 milliseconds (ms) and the SFNrange is 0-1023. The numerology of the next generation RAT is assumedsuch that the IMT-Advanced radio frame is either multiple of radio frameof next generation RAT or radio frame of next generation RAT is exactly10 ms. Therefore, the SFN range of the next generation RAT is either0-1023 or multiple of IMT-Advanced SFN range. This is needed to supportco-existence of the next generation RAT and the IMT-Advanced RAT. Thisis also needed to support non-standalone deployment of the nextgeneration wireless system 100, where the IMT-Advanced RAT acts as themobility and RRC connection anchor. It is expected that the initialdeployment of next generation wireless system 100 operating inmmWave/cmWave bands would operate as non-standalone system to provideadditional radio resources to the UE 102 which would be connected toIMT-Advanced or previous generation system for coverage purpose. Withthe assumption that next generation wireless system 100 would be addedas a capacity layer to existing IMT-Advanced deployments then from theinitial standardization phase perspective the RAN architecture would bebased on mechanisms similar to Carrier Aggregation (CA) orDual-Connectivity (DC) framework specified by 3^(rd) GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP). The maximum number of the DL coverage beams‘p’ will typically depend on the frequency used, i.e., can be larger inhigher frequency bands due to smaller antenna separation at the TRPs/DUs105 of 5G CU/NB 103. The cell 104 of the next generation wireless system100 is identified by a “Cell Identifier” (Cell-Id) or simply PhysicalCell Identifier (PCI). This can also be a coverage area-Id or a TRP/DUgroup ID. The UE 102 can obtain the cell id/coverage area id/TRP groupid/DU group ID or the PCI from the Synchronization Signal (SS)transmitted by the 5G Cell 104 of the next generation RAT i.e., NR-SS orfrom the minimum system information broadcasted periodically on aPhysical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) by the 5G cell 104.

It is assumed that the UE 102 which supports legacy RAT, IMT-AdvancedRAT and next generation RAT is aware of DUs/TRPs 105 of the nextgeneration wireless system 100. The TRPs/DUs 105 operate together toprovide beams to the UE 102 and notion of TRP/DU 105 is visible to theUE 102 in the form of the PCI. Therefore, there is a “TRP Identifier(TRP-Id)” i.e., the PCI is provided to the UE 102 over the radio of nextgeneration RAT by decoding the NR-SS. The TRP-Id can also be named asDU-id or the PCI.

Further, the UE 102 is aware of cell/TRP group/DU group of the CU 103,the TRP/DU 105 and beams served by the respective TRP. The UE 102 shalldetect and decode the Synchronization Signal (NR-SS) and the PBCH todetermine the Cell Id/DU Id/TRP group Id and TRP-Id/DU Id/PCI and alsodecode the Beam Index Sequence or time index to determine a “BeamIdentifier” (Beam-Id). Further, two types of DL beams are considered: 1)Coverage Beams and 2) Dedicated Beams. The coverage beams transmitted bythe TRPs 105 etc., under the control of 5G CU/NB 103 provides thecoverage for the cell 104 of the next generation system 100 with a fixedset of directed coverage beams, also called as “grid of beams” on whichthe NR-SS is transmitted in a beam sweeping manner.

Further, the coverage beams cover a relatively wide area and can thusonly support relatively low data rates. For example, in the cell 104there could be less than 10 DL coverage beams and more than 10 dedicatedbeams transmitted by each TRP/DU 105. As an example, each DL coveragebeam from the respective TRP/DU 105 could cover 30-60 degree sectorangle such that grid of coverage beams cover 100-250 m radius circulararea. Each coverage beam is identified by a “Beam-Id” in the form beamindex sequence or the time index or time index sequence. The coveragebeams transmit the Synchronization Signal (NR-SS), PBCH and referencesignals for beam signal strength measurements. These reference signalsare generically referred as Beam Reference Signal (BRS) or Channel StateInformation-Reference signals Type 1 (i.e., CSI-RS set1) and used forRadio Resource Management (RRM) measurements.

Further, the coverage beams are used for transmitting DL common channelsignaling e.g., RACH response. The coverage beams carry control channeltransmissions like enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (ePDCCH)and user data Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) can also betransmitted on the coverage beams when dedicated beams to the UE 102have been lost. For demodulation purpose when ePDCCH/PDSCH istransmitted on the coverage beam then Demodulation Reference Signal(DMRS) is also transmitted. Dedicated transmissions towards the UE 102(ePDCCH/PDSCH) may potentially use even more directed and sharp beams(e.g., UE 102 specific pre-coding) on so called “Dedicated Beams”.

Further, the coverage area of the dedicated beams would be much smallerin terms of beam width compared to coverage beams (e.g., ½, ¼ or ⅛th ofcoverage beam area). The dedicated beams are managed based on the UE 102measurement on the Channel-State Information-Reference Signal Type 2(i.e., CSI-RS set2) and the UE 102 provides the CSI feedback at the PHYlayer or the MAC layer. This is referred as beam switching or beammanagement which can occur within the beams of the serving TRP/DU 105 oracross the beams of different TRP/DU 105.

Further, the beam switching or beam management within the same TRP/DU105 i.e., same cell 104 is managed at the PHY or MAC layer based on theCSI feedback from the UE 102. The CSI feedback which is PHY layermeasurement averaged over few measurement samples (i.e., L1 filteredmeasurements) is sent on an uplink control channel like PUCCH or canalso be transmitted on a shared data channel like PUSCH. The beamswitching or beam management within the same TRP/DU 105 does not haveany impact on the user plane functions/layers. However, for beamswitching between different TRP/DU 105 of the same NB/CU or differentNB/CU the UE 102 needs to undergo TRP/DU 105 switching which has impactson the user plane functions/layers depending on the user planearchitecture involving the NB/CU 103 and the TRP/DU 105.

In order to demodulate ePDCCH/PDSCH carried on the dedicated beams, theDMRS is also transmitted on the dedicated beam. Since the UE 102 justobtains the DMRS kind of reference signals coming from the cell 104 ofthe next generation system 100, the notion of coverage beam anddedicated beam is transparent to the UE 102 for the PDSCH receptionpoint of view. However, notion of the coverage beam is known to the UE102 for reception of synchronization signal (NR-SS) and the BRS i.e.CSI-RS set1 measurement. The BRS or the CSI-RS set is periodicallytransmitted signals on the coverage beams or wider beams arecell-specific reference signals, however, the CSI-RS set is 1. However,the BRS or the CSI-RS set1 are not ALWAYS ON signals i.e. BRS or CSI-RSset 1 can be turned ON/OFF depending on the presence of a connected modeUE 102 in the TRP/DU 105 or the cell 104. On the other hand, the NR-SSis ALWAYS ON periodically transmitted signals on the coverage beams orwider beams are cell-specific reference signals. Therefore, whenTRPs/DUs 105 of the CU 103 detects the UE 102 has lost dedicated beamsbased on the CSI-RS measurement feedback i.e. feedback on CSI-RS set2and the UE 102 is scheduled data on the coverage beam then the UE 102will not be aware that whether the transmission is coming from thecoverage beam. Cell edge bitrates on the coverage beams will be muchlower than the cell edge bitrates achievable by the dedicated beams. TheUE 102 transmission in the UL may also be carried on the UL beams.However, the number of the UL beams are expected to be less compared tothe number of DL beams considering the UE 102 size and number ofantenna's at the UE 102.

The FIG. 1A shows the limited overview of the next generation wirelesscommunication system 100 but, it is to be understood that otherembodiments are not limited thereto. Further, the next generationwireless communication system 100 can include any number of hardware orsoftware components communicating with each other. Further, the labelsare only used for illustrative purpose and not limiting the scope of theinvention. For example, the component can be, but not limited to, aprocess running in the controller or processor, an object, an executableprocess, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer.

Minimizing SI Acquisition:

FIG. 1B is illustration of fragmentation of the Cell-Id into TRP GroupId and TRP-Id according to one embodiment of the present invention. The“Cell Identifier” (Cell-Id) is identified by decoding thesynchronization signal like PSS and SSS in the LTE. The Cell-Id or thePCI is the frequency specific in the LTE i.e. cells 104 with sameidentifier on different carrier frequencies can be served from the sameeNB 103. The transmitted synchronization signals (i.e., PSS and SSS) arepre-defined unique sequences which upon decoding by the UE 102represents the physical identity and physical identity group. The NR-SSis composed of the PSS, SSS and the NR-SS block may also comprise thebeam index sequence or the time index sequence. The PSS uses threesequences for the physical identity while the SSS uses 168 sequences forthe physical identity group, which together determines one out of the504 physical cell identities (Cell-Id) represented by 9 bits. For 5G/NRsimilar approach can be considered wherein upon decoding the PSS/SSS the9 bits of Cell-Id can be used to determine the TRP-Group Id (or Area ID)and the TRP-Id. The TRP-Id may be 3 bits, 4 bits, 5 bits or 6 bitsdepending upon the number of TRPs 105 within the TRP-Group Id asdepicted in the FIG. 1B.

Further, the number of bits used for the TRP-Group Id and the TRP-Idprovide flexibility to the network operator for supporting networkdeployment with different architecture options. The TRP-Id size can beincluded in the minimum system information (i.e. MIB) broadcasted on thePBCH. For e.g., the parameter “TRP-Id Size” can be 2-bit indication inMIB broadcasted on the PBCH which indicates the size of the TRP-Id suchthat ‘00’ indicates TRP-Id is 3-bits, ‘01’ indicates as TRP-Id is4-bits, ‘10’ indicates TRP-Id is 5-bits and ‘11’ indicates TRP-Id is6-bits. The “TRP-Id Size” parameter can also be just 1-bit indicationsuch that ‘0’ indicates TRP-Id is either 3/4 bits and ‘1’ indicatesTRP-Id is 6/5 bits. Upon decoding the Cell-Id and determining the TRP-Idsize after acquiring the minimum system information (i.e. MIB) the UE102 can determine the TRP-Id of the TRP/DU on which the UE 102 decidesto camp. The TRP-Group Id is determined implicitly from the remainingbits of Cell-Id after determining the TRP-Id. In an embodiment, “TRP-IdSize” can be fixed in the system and upon decoding the Cell-Id, the UE102 can determine the TRP-Group Id and TRP ID from the Cell-Id.

The Cell-Id space of 9 bits based on 504 identities is taken as anexample to illustrate the fragmentation of the Cell-Id into theTRP-Group Id and the TRP-Id and should not be considered as a limitingcase. In some implementation, there may be no fragmentation of theCell-Id space. One advantage of the fragmentation of the Cell-Id is thatthe UE 102 can assume the system information applicable for a newlydetected TRP on the serving frequency after decoding the PSS/SSS is sameif the TRP-Group Id remains same as that of the currently serving/campedTRP. A network operator can plan or co-ordinate the configuration of thesystem information to be same within the TRP-Group Id. This means acluster of TRPs 105 can be configured with the same system informationfor e.g., the RACH configuration, some L1/L2 configuration, MIMOconfiguration can be same across the cluster of TRPs 105. The TRP-GroupId can used to identify a cluster/group of TRPs, wherein the cluster ofTRPs 105 may belong to same CU/NB 103 or may belong to different CU/NB103. The FIG. 1A depicts 5G NB/CU1 103 serving only one cell i.e. Cell 1104 which is a simple example for illustration purpose but in practicaldeployments one 5G NB1/CU1 103 may be serving multiple cells. If theTRP-Group Id of the newly detected intra-frequency cell/TRP remains samethen the UE 102 can assume the currently applied system information isalso applicable for the newly detected cell/TRP. Such an approach offragmenting the Cell-Id into the TRP Group Id and the TRP-Id avoids therequirement for the UE 102 to read the MIB i.e. PBCH for every newlydetected cell/TRP or when the UE 102 changes the camped beam of theserving TRP and hence useful for reducing the UE 102 battery powerconsumption.

It can be possible to design the synchronization signals i.e., NR-SS ascombination of PSS/SSS and beam index sequences within a NR-SS block.The beam index sequence or time index sequence can also represent a 9bit space which can be partitioned into “Beam Identifier” i.e. Beam-Idand “System Information Identifier” i.e. SI-Id. This could be fixedpartition of 3 bits of MSB for “System Information Identifier” i.e.SI-Id and remaining 6 bits for Beam-Id. Alternately, the 4 bits of theMSB can indicate the SI-Id while remaining 5 bits represents theBeam-Id. The SI-Id indicates the system information configurationapplicable in the detected cell/TRP. The actual parameters for systeminformation are provided in one or more system information blocks whichcan be broadcasted or some of the blocks can be sent in the UE 102dedicated manner. If a fixed partitioning approach is considered thenthe number of bits for Beam-Id depends upon the maximum number ofcoverage beams to be supported in the system. If the flexiblepartitioning approach is considered then the number of bits for Beam-Idcan be indicated with a parameter “Beam-Id Size” in the minimum systeminformation similar to the parameter “TRP-Id Size”.

Upon acquiring the minimum system information (i.e. MIB and SIB1) anddetermining the TRP-Id size and Beam-Id size (optionally), the UE 102 isable to determine the TRP-Id, the TRP-Group Id, the Beam-Id and theSI-Id. If the SI-Id of the newly detected intra-frequency cell/TRPremains same then the UE 102 can assume the currently applied systeminformation is also applicable for the newly detected cell/TRP. If theSI-Id is indicated through the synchronization signal like beam indexsequence then the system information can be different for the sameTRP-Group Id. This means a cluster of TRPs 105 having the same systeminformation is independent of the TRP-Group Id but linked to the SI-Id.The SI-Id identifies such a cluster/group of TRPs 105 having same systeminformation, wherein the cluster of TRPs 105 may belong to same CU/NB103 or may belong to different CU/NB 103. Therefore, based on SI-Idindicated through the physical layer signal like beam index sequence theUE 102 is able to determine whether system information needs to bere-acquired or not.

Further, the main purpose of the synchronization signals like PSS/SSSand beam index sequence is for downlink timing reference, sub-frame orradio frame boundary identification and additional scrambling of thephysical channels such as LTE equivalent of PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCHetc. The identity space provided by these sequences i.e. PSS/SSS andbeam index sequence is exploited for conveying one or more identitiessuch as Cell-Id, TRP-Id, TRP-Group Id, Beam-Id, SI-Id etc., required forthe overall system operation like cell detection, TRP-Id switching, beamswitching and beam tracking, beam management and system informationacquisition so on and so forth.

FIGS. 2A to 2E illustrate various user plane architectures, according toan embodiment as disclosed herein.

In the architecture option illustrated in the FIG. 2A, the PDCP sublayer or L2 functions such as header (de-)compression, security i.e.encryption/decryption and integrity protection, reordering, sequencenumbering and timer based SDU discard is located in the CU 103. The RLCsublayer or the L2 functions such as ARQ, fragmentation/re-assembly,duplicate detection, reordering is located in the DU 105. In anembodiment, the reordering function can be located in only CU 103. TheMAC sublayer or L2 functions such as mapping between the logicalchannels and transport channels, multiplexing/de-multiplexing of the MACSDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into/from the TBdelivered to/from the physical layer on the transport channels,scheduling information reporting, error correction through the HARQ,priority handling between the logical channels of one UE 102, thepriority handling between the UEs 102 by means of dynamic scheduling,the transport format selection and padding are located in the DU 105.The PHY sublayer or L1 functions such as forward error correction (FEC),bits to symbol mapping (modulation), IFFT, CP insertion, BRS and DMRSinsertion etc., is located in the DU 105.

In the architecture option illustrated in the FIG. 2B, the PDCP sublayer or the L2 functions such as header (de-)compression, security i.e.encryption/decryption and integrity protection, reordering, sequencenumbering and timer based SDU discard is located in the CU 103. The RLCsublayer or the L2 functions such as ARQ, fragmentation/re-assembly,duplicate detection, reordering is also located in the CU 103. The MACsublayer or the L2 functions such as mapping between the logicalchannels and the transport channels, multiplexing/de-multiplexing of theMAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into/from the TBdelivered to/from the physical layer on the transport channels,scheduling information reporting, the error correction through the HARQ,the priority handling between the logical channels of one UE 102, thepriority handling between the UE's 102 by means of dynamic scheduling,the transport format selection and padding are located in DU 105. ThePHY sublayer or the L1 functions is located in the DU 105.

In the architecture option illustrated in the FIG. 2C, the PDCP sublayer or the L2 functions such as header (de-)compression, security i.e.encryption/decryption and integrity protection, reordering, sequencenumbering and timer based SDU discard is located in the CU 103. The partof the RLC sublayer or the L2 functions such as ARQ, duplicatedetection, reordering is also located in the CU 103. Part of the RLCsublayer or the L2 functions such as fragmentation/reassembly is locatedin the DU 105. The MAC sublayer or L2 functions such as mapping betweenthe logical channels and the transport channels,multiplexing/de-multiplexing of the MAC SDUs belonging to one ordifferent logical channels into/from the TB delivered to/from thephysical layer on the transport channels, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through the HARQ, priority handling betweenthe logical channels of one LIE 102, priority handling between the UEs102 by means of dynamic scheduling, transport format selection andpadding are also located in the DU 105. The PHY sublayer is located inthe DU 105. The PHY sublayer or L1 functions is located in the DU 105.

In the architecture option illustrated in the FIG. 2D, the PDCP sublayer or the L2 functions such as header (de-)compression, security,reordering, sequence numbering and timer based SDU discard is located inthe CU 103. The RLC sublayer or the L2 functions such as ARQ,fragmentation/re-assembly, duplicate detection, reordering is alsolocated in the CU 103. The MAC sublayer or L2 functions such as mappingbetween the logical channels and the transport channels,multiplexing/de-multiplexing of the MAC SDUs belonging to one ordifferent logical channels into/from the TB delivered to/from thephysical layer on the transport channels, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through the HARQ, priority handling betweenthe logical channels of one UE 102, priority handling between the UEs102 by means of dynamic scheduling, transport format selection andpadding are also located in the CU 103. Only the PHY sublayer or L1functions is located in the DU 105. When the UE 102 undergo the TRP/DU105 switching within the same NB/CU or different NB/CU then there areimpacts to the user plane functions/layers depending on the user planearchitecture involving the NB/CU 103 and the TRP/DU 105. The UE 102behavior for the user plane operation depends on the architecture optiondescribed in the FIGS. 2A-2D. However, the UE 102 may not necessarily beaware of the architecture option deployed and the different actions theUE 102 needs to take for user plane operation needs to be informed tothe UE 102 explicitly.

The FIG. 2E illustrates the user plane architecture at the UE 102 sideregardless of the architecture at the network side.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing, by the UE102, the user plane operation in the wireless communication system 100,according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.

At 302, the method includes receiving the signaling message from thegNodeB. The signaling message can be the RRC reconfiguration messagee.g. handover command message, secondary node change message or thelike. At 304, the method includes determining whether the signalingmessage includes the control information comprising one of the PDCPre-establish indication and the security key change indication. At 306,the method includes performing the at least one operation for at leastone data radio bearer in response to the determination.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, the at least one operationfor the at least one data radio bearer in response to determine that thesignaling message including the control information comprising one ofthe PDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indicationcomprises: re-generating the at least one of access stratum securitykeys, re-setting the header compression protocol, setting the transmitstate parameter to zero for the UM uplink data radio bearer, where thetransmit state parameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU tobe transmitted, setting the receive state parameter to zero for the UMdownlink data radio bearer, where the receive state parameter indicatesCOUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be received, setting the receivestate parameter to zero for the UM downlink data radio bearer, where thereceive state parameter indicates COUNT value following the COUNT valueassociated with the PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start ofreordering timer, maintaining a current value of transmit stateparameter for uplink AM data radio bearer, where the transmit stateparameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted,maintaining a receive state parameter for an AM downlink data radiobearer, where the receive state parameter indicates COUNT valuefollowing the COUNT value associated with the PDCP Data PDU which hastriggered start of reordering timer, maintaining a current value of areceive state parameter for a downlink AM data radio bearer, where thereceive state parameter indicates COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to bereceived; and performing one of: retransmitting all the PDCP SDUs of anAM DRB which are already associated with the PDCP SNs in ascending orderof the COUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entityre-establishment from the first PDCP SDU for which the successfuldelivery of the corresponding PDCP Data PDU has not been confirmed bythe RLC, and transmitting all the PDCP SDUs of an AM DRB which arealready associated with the PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNTvalues associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP entityre-establishment wherein the discard timer is not restarted, the headercompression and the ciphering are performed for the PDCP SDUs andtransmitting the PDCP SDUs of the UM DRB which are not yet transmittedand which are already associated with the PDCP SNs in the ascendingorder of the COUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPentity re-establishment, where the discard timer is not restarted, theheader compression and the ciphering are performed for the PDCP SDUs,and the sequence number and the COUNT are re-assigned for the PDCP SDUs.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, the at least one operationfor the at least one data radio bearer which is part of current UE 102configuration in response to determine that the signaling message doesnot include one of the PDCP re-establish indication and the security keychange indication comprises: using existing at least one of accessstratum security keys, maintaining the header compression protocol,maintaining the current value of the transmit state parameter for theuplink data radio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicatesthe COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, maintaining thecurrent value of the receive state parameter for the downlink data radiobearer, wherein the receive sequence number parameter indicates COUNTvalue of the next PDCP SDU to be received, maintaining the receive stateparameter for a downlink data radio bearer, wherein the receive stateparameter indicates the COUNT value following the COUNT value associatedwith the PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer andretransmitting all the PDCP Data PDUs of AM DRB previously submitted tore-establish the AM RLC entity in ascending order of the associatedCOUNT values from the first PDCP Data PDU for which the successfuldelivery has not been confirmed by the RLC.

In an embodiment, the signaling message is at least one of the handovercommand, the secondary node change and the bearer change.

In an embodiment, the operation is performed by the UE 102 for each dataradio bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration.

In an embodiment, the operation is performed by the UE 102 for at leastone data radio bearer indicated in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the PDCP re-establish indication is indicated byincluding a one bit indicator in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the security key change indication is indicated byincluding a one bit key change indicator in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, the security key change indication is indicated byincluding security information in the signaling message.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, one or more operations forat least one data radio bearer in response to determining that thesignaling message comprising the control information includes one of thePDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indicationcomprises: re-generating the one or more access stratum security keys,re-establishing a PDCP entity for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the PDCP entity for the UM data radio bearer,re-establishing the RLC entity for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the RLC entity for the UM data radio bearer, andre-setting the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, one or more operations forat least one data radio bearer in response to determining that signalingmessage comprising the control information does not include one of thePDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indicationcomprises: using the existing one or more access stratum security keys,initiating the data recovery procedure for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the RLC entity for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the RLC entity for the UM data radio bearer, andre-setting the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, re-establishing the PDCP entity of the data radiobearer comprises: setting the transmit state parameter to zero for theUM data radio bearer, where the transmit state parameter indicates theCOUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted, setting the receivestate parameter to zero for the UM data radio bearer, wherein thereceive state parameter indicates the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDUto be received, setting the receive state parameter to zero for the UMdata radio bearer, wherein the receive state parameter indicates theCOUNT value following the COUNT value associated with the PDCP Data PDUwhich has triggered start of reordering timer, re-setting the headercompression protocol, retransmitting all the PDCP SDUs of a AM dataradio bearer which are already associated with PDCP SNs in ascendingorder of the COUNT values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPentity re-establishment from the first PDCP SDU for which the successfuldelivery of the corresponding PDCP Data PDU has not been confirmed byRLC, and transmitting each PDCP SDU of a UM DRB and AM DRB alreadyassociated with a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has notpreviously been submitted to a lower layer in ascending order of theCOUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPre-establishment by performing the header compression and ciphering forthe PDCP SDUs of the AM and UM DRBs, re-assigning sequence number andCOUNT value for the PDCP SDUs of UM DRBs and without restarting thediscard timer for the PDCP SDUs of the AM and UM DRBs.

In an embodiment, initiating the data recovery procedure for an AM dataradio bearer comprises: retransmitting all the PDCP data PDUs previouslysubmitted to re-established AM RLC entity in ascending order of theassociated COUNT values from the first PDCP Data PDU for which thesuccessful delivery has not been confirmed by the RLC; and transmittinga PDCP status report if the PDCP status report is requested by thegNodeB, where a request for the PDCP status report is included insignaling message received from the gNodeB.

In an embodiment, the header compression protocol is reset by receivinga request from the gNodeB.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, one or more operations forthe at least one data radio bearer in response to determining that thesignaling message comprising the control information includes the PDCPre-establish indication comprises: re-generating the one or more accessstratum security keys, re-establishing the PDCP entity for the AM dataradio bearer, re-establishing the PDCP entity for the UM data radiobearer, re-establishing the RLC entity for the AM data radio bearer,re-establishing the RLC entity for the UM data radio bearer, andre-setting the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, one or more operations forthe at least one data radio bearer in response to determining that thesignaling message does not include the PDCP re-establish indication andthe security key change indication comprises: using the existing one ormore access stratum security keys, initiating the data recoveryprocedure for the AM data radio bearer, re-establishing the RLC entityfor the AM data radio bearer, re-establishing the RLC entity for the UMdata radio bearer, and re-setting the MAC entity.

In an embodiment, performing, by the UE 102, one or more operations forthe at least one data radio bearer in response to determining that thesignaling message does not include the PDCP re-establish indication andincludes the security key change indication comprises: re-generating theone or more access stratum security keys, re-establishing the RLC entityfor the AM data radio bearer, re-establishing the RLC entity for the UMdata radio bearer, re-setting the MAC entity, retransmitting all thePDCP SDUs of a AM data radio bearer which are already associated withPDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNT values associated to the PDCPSDU prior to receiving the security key change indication from the firstPDCP SDU for which the successful delivery of the corresponding PDCPData PDU has not been confirmed by RLC, and transmitting each PDCP SDUof a UM DRB and AM DRB already associated with a PDCP SN but for which acorresponding PDU has not previously been submitted to a lower layer inascending order of the COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior toreceiving the security key change indication wherein ciphering isperformed for the PDCP SDUs and discard timer is not started. Thesecurity change indication can be indicated by including the securityconfiguration or parameters in signaling message.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing, by thegNodeB, the user plane operation in the wireless communication system100, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.

At 402, the method includes determining whether the anchor point in thenetwork for the PDCP entity associated with the at least one data radiobearer established for the UE 102 is changed. At 404, the methodincludes transmitting the signaling message including the controlinformation to the UE 102. The control information includes one of thePDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indication inresponse to the anchor point in the network for the PDCP entityassociated with at least one data radio bearer established for the UE102 is changed. The signaling message can be the RRC reconfigurationmessage e.g. handover command message, secondary node change message,bearer type change message or the like. In an embodiment, if the anchorpoint in the network for the PDCP entity associated with the at leastone data radio bearer established for the UE 102 is not changed but thesecurity key refresh is required then the gNodeB transmits the signalingmessage including one of PDCP re-establish indication and the securitykey change indication.

In an embodiment, if the anchor point in the network for the PDCP entityassociated with the at least one data radio bearer established for theUE 102 is changed then the gNodeB transmits the signaling messageincluding the PDCP re-establish indication. If the anchor point in thenetwork for the PDCP entity associated with the at least one data radiobearer established for the UE 102 is not changed and the security keyrefresh is also not needed then the gNodeB transmits the signalingmessage without PDCP re-establish indication and security key changeindication. If the anchor point in the network for the PDCP entityassociated with the at least one data radio bearer established for theUE 102 is not changed and the security key refresh is needed then thegNodeB transmits the signaling message with security key changeindication but without PDCP re-establish indication.

The UE 102 can be configured to operate in a dual connectivity (DC) modeof operation, where the UE 102 maintains the RRC connection with aserving cell from the master node (MN) and the UE 102 can be configuredwith one or more serving cells from the secondary node (SN) for additiondata throughput. The DRB established on the serving cell of the MN hasthe PDCP anchor point terminated at the MN and such DRB is referred asMCG DRB. The DRB established on the serving cell of the SN has the PDCPanchor point terminated at the SN and such that the DRB is referred asthe SCG DRB. The UE 102 can be configured with the split DRB wherein thePDCP PDUs can be transmitted through the two RLC entities established inthe MN and SN for that DRB. The PDCP anchor point of such split DRB canbe configured to be terminated either at the MN or SN and it is decidedby the MN. If the PDCP termination point of the split DRB is MN then theDRB is referred as MCG Split DRB. If the PDCP termination point of thesplit DRB is SN then the DRB is referred as SCG Split DRB. For the LTEand NR interworking based on DC i.e. EN-DC mode of operation where theMN is LTE eNB and SN is NR gNB, the MCG DRB can be configured witheither LTE PDCP or NR PDCP whereas the split DRB (regardless of the PDCPtermination point) and SCG DRB is configured for NR PDCP.

If the MCG DRB is configured with LTE PDCP then for performing thebearer type reconfiguration to the SCG or Split DRB, the PDCP version ischanged from the LTE PDCP to the NR PDCP for the MCG DRB through thehandover procedure which involves PDCP re-establishment. During the UEmobility from the legacy LTE to Rel-15 LTE node, for EN-DC capable UEthe PDCP version change of MCG DRB from LTE PDCP to NR PDCP can besupported through handover procedure.

From the UE 102 perspective, there are only three bearer types i.e. MCGDRB, SCG DRB and Split DRB. The split DRB can either terminate at the MNor terminates at the SN based on the MN decision. In the EN-DC, thenetwork can configure the split bearer with the following configuration:

Split bearer: The NR PDCP container+LTE configurations on the RLC, theMAC and the physical layers+the NR configuration container on the NRRLC, the MAC and physical layers, etc.

Split bearer whose PDCP termination point is at the MN can be termed asthe split bearer terminated at the MN. The split bearer whose PDCPtermination point is at the SN can be termed as the split bearerterminated at the SN. There are three options for the security keyshandling in the EN-DC

-   -   a. Security key per PDCP termination point i.e. 2 security keys    -   b. Separate security key for MCG, Split and SCG bearer i.e. 3        security keys    -   c. Security key per DRB

In option, the UE 102 uses two set of keys i.e. one for all MCG DRBs andMCG-anchored split DRBs and another one for all SCG DRBs andSCG-anchored split DRBs. This is similar to Rel-12 LTE DC. In case ofseparate security key per network termination point, the UE 102 based onthe security keys can make it out whether the split bearer terminates atthe MN or terminates at the SN. In this case, the UE 102 will be awareof location of the PDCP anchor point i.e. whether the split bearer isterminated at the MN or the SN.

When the 2 security key solution is applied, there is no need to do MACreset for the MCG DRB to/from the MCG split DRB and the SCG DRB to/fromthe SCG Split DRB type change. This is because the PDCP terminationpoint will not change in these bearer type transitions and hence thesecurity key will also not change. The security key will change for theMCG to/from SCG and MCG to/from SCG Split bearer type change or whenthere is handover the primary cell (PCell) in the MCG or when there isthe SN change. However, this is also applicable for option b and optionc for these bearer type changes.

For option, the UE 102 based on the indicated security key for the splitbearer can make out termination point of the split bearer. For optiona), the MAC reset is not needed during the MCG to/from the MCG split andSCG to/from SCG Split bearer type change. For option b), the UE 102 usesdifferent key per bearer type i.e. three separate keys for the MCG, theSCG, and Split bearers. As in this case, the split bearer terminates atMN or SN can use separate keys from the MCG and SCG bearers, so in thisoption, the split bearer termination point is transparent to the UE 102.The split bearer termination point is transparent to the UE for theoption when security key is per DRB i.e. option c). With the securitykey per bearer type (option b) or Security key per DRB (option c) forthe configured split bearer the UE 102 cannot make out termination pointof the split bearer. In LTE-NR interworking, the bearer type change canbe supported for MCG to/from the MCG split and SCG to/from the SCGSplit. The option b and option c bring additional complexity to handlethese bearer type changes as follows:

-   -   i) during the bearer type, changes keys will always have to be        changed;    -   ii) the key change for the bearer type changes occurs even when        the PDCP termination point has not changed (according to        security principle key should be changed when PDCP termination        point changes);    -   iii) if the keys are changed then the MAC reset is needed which        can cause the impact on the other bearers also.

When option b and option c is applied then to avoid MAC reset specialhandling is needed to ensure that the data on another bearer is notimpacted. Such special handling brings additional complexity which canbe completely avoided if (option a) is applied. Option b and Option crequires MAC reset during MCG to/from MCG split and SCG to/from SCGSplit bearer type change even when PDCP termination point is notchanged. To avoid MAC reset special handling is required which bringsadditional complexity. The point of PDCP termination point for splitbearer is transparent to the UE 102 when the option b and option c isapplied does not really bring benefits for the UE 102 in terms of bearertype change handling or reducing complexity. Option “a” offers the samelevel of security protection as the options “b” and “c”. In EN-DC, thesecurity key per PDCP termination point i.e. 2 security keys can besupported.

The bearer type change from the MCG DRB (NR PDCP configured) to the SCGDRB involves the PDCP anchor point in the network for the PDCP entityassociated with the MCG DRB to be changed from the MN to the SN. Sincethe security key used in the SN is different from the security key usedin the MN, the change of the PDCP anchor point involves transmitting thesignaling message including the control information to the UE 102. Thecontrol information includes one of the PDCP re-establish indication andthe security key change indication in response to the change of theanchor point in the network for the PDCP entity associated with MCG DRB.The signaling message can be a bearer type change message. The signalingmessage is triggered for the bearer type change from the SCG DRB to theMCG DRB, where the MCG PDCP entity if configured as NR PDCP entity. TheEN-DC operation should support the one step (direct) bearer type changebetween MCG DRB to/from split DRB and MCG DRB to/from SCG DRB, when theMCG DRB is configured with NR PDCP.

The bearer type change from MCG DRB (NR PDCP configured) to/from MCGSplit DRB and SCG DRB to/from SCG Split DRB does not involve the PDCPanchor point change in the network. Since the security key is sameduring these bearer type changes the PDCP is not re-established duringthese bearer type changes but PDCP recovery procedure may be triggeredfor the bearer type change from split DRB to MCG/SCG DRB. The securitykey is not changed since there is no change of the PDCP anchor point itinvolves transmitting the signaling message including the controlinformation to the UE 102. The control information does not includes oneof the PDCP re-establish indication and the security key changeindication in response to the bearer type change in the network for thePDCP entity associated with MCG DRB when reconfigured as MCG split DRBand vice-versa. Same is case for SCG DRB reconfiguration to SCG SplitDRB and vice-versa.

The bearer type change from MCG DRB (NR PDCP configured) to SCG SplitDRB involves the PDCP anchor point in the network for the PDCP entityassociated with the MCG DRB to be changed from the MN to the SN. Thiscan be achieved either with a direct change or a two-step change whereinthe MCG DRB is first changed to SCG DRB and subsequently the SCG DRB isreconfigured as SCG Split DRB. Regardless of direct change or two-stepchange, since the security key used in the SN is different from thesecurity key used in the MN, the change of the PDCP anchor pointinvolves transmitting the signaling message including the controlinformation to the UE 102. The control information includes one of thePDCP re-establish indication and the security key change indication inresponse to the change of the anchor point in the network for the PDCPentity associated with MCG DRB.

Handling of SCG DRB during secondary node key (S-KgNB) (i.e. securitykey used in SN) is changed due to key refresh or SN change will resultin SCG PDCP, SCG RLC re-establishment and SCG MAC reset. Split DRB willhave one PDCP entity which will be either MCG PDCP entity or SCG PDCPentity based on termination point of split bearer. Apart from this itwill also have MCG RLC/MAC entity and SCG RLC/MAC entity.

For SCG split DRB as PDCP termination point is at SN so UE will beconfigured with SCG PDCP entity. When S-KgNB is changed due to keyrefresh or SN change then the SCG PDCP/RLC need to be re-established andSCG MAC needs to be reset. Apart from this MCG RLC entity associatedwith this split bearer need to be re-established and MCG MAC need to bereset to discard the data with old keys.

For MCG split DRB as PDCP termination point is at MN so UE will beconfigured with MCG PDCP entity. When SN is changed and UE is configuredwith MCG split DRB then there will be no impact on MCG PDCP/RLC/MACentity but corresponding SCG RLC/MAC entity will be impacted and need tobe re-establish and reset. In this case only reset/re-establish the SCGRLC and MAC entity associated with MCG split DRB but do not re-establishthe MCG PDCP entity so there is no way for recovery of lost data whichhappen due to SCG RLC re-establishment procedure. There is need tointroduce the PDCP data recovery procedure for the MCG split DRB duringSN change procedure.

Centralized deployment consists of CU, DU, and TRPs (TransmissionReception Point) nodes. One of possible type of mobility procedure dueto this split architecture is intra CU—inter DU handover. In this casethere will be no change in CU entity but handover can occur between twoDU entities serving same CU node. During Intra CU-inter DU HO, there isno need of PDCP re-establishment as PDCP termination point does notchange but it is required to perform re-establishment and Reset for RLCand MAC entity as RLC and MAC entity at NW side changes. During inter CUhandover, as PDCP termination point changes then all L2 entities need tobe re-established and reset. In EN-DC, for SCG DRB and split DRB, whenSN does not change during handover then SCG RLC is re-established andSCG MAC is reset. In EN-DC, if bearer type change occurs throughhandover or SN change, then UE needs to follow the same rule asapplicable during handover or SN change for bearer type change as it mayinvolves key change or PDCP anchor point change or PDCP version change.SN change is a synchronous SCG reconfiguration procedure includingreset/re-establishment of layer 2 and, if SCG DRBs are configured,refresh of security. If Bearer type change happens through handoverprocedure then MCG bearer, split bearer and SCG bearer, MCG/SCG PDCP/RLCshould be re-established and MCG/SCG MAC should be reset. If bearer typechange happens through SN change procedure then SCG PDCP re-established,SCG RLC re-established and SCG MAC is reset. Bearer type change throughhandover or SN change may cause data interruption in service. There arefew bearer type changes which do not involve change in PDCP terminationpoint or keys. Those bearer type changes can be supported withoutmobility procedure i.e. handover or SN change procedure. Consider thecase if UE is supporting Security key per PDCP termination point i.e. 2security keys then bearer type change between MCG and MCG split bearerdoes not involve any key or PDCP termination point change. In this casethere is no need of any synchronous reconfiguration procedure as PDCPtermination point does not change. This type of bearer change can besupported without mobility procedure (i.e. no handover) as result therewill be no impact of data on other bearers. So no interruption in userplane and latency can be reduced. In case there is no change in MN/SNthen bearer type change should be possible without mobility procedure.Bearer type change without mobility procedure should only be possiblewhen keys, PDCP version and PDCP termination point does not change. Thesame is true for bearer type change between SCG DRB and SCG split DRB.

MCG DRB to/from SCG DRB type change option involves change in keys andPDCP termination point. During MCG to SCG bearer type change when MCGRLC entity is reconfigure to SCG RLC entity then corresponding mappingbetween MCG RLC entity and MCG MAC will be released and new mapping willbe created between SCG RLC entity and SCG MAC entity. The same isapplicable during SCG to MCG bearer type change. In this case althoughMCG and SCG MAC entity will have data with old keys but there is no needto reset MCG MAC and SCG MAC, as corresponding logical channel mappingwill be released due to release or reconfiguration of the RLC entity. Asa result, old data will automatically get discarded by the MAC.Similarly, during MCG split bearer to MCG or SCG split bearer to SCGbearer type change the corresponding logical channel will be released sothere is no need to do MAC reset.

When bearer type change occurs between MCG DRB to/from SCG split DRBthen it involves key change as well as PDCP termination point change. Asa result of this MCG MAC will have data with old set of keys ascorresponding mapping between RLC entity and MAC entity will not bereleased, due to this it is required to reset the MCG MAC entity. Bearertype change between MCG split DRB and MCG DRB or SCG split DRB and SCGDRB can be supported without re-establishing the PDCP and RLC entity andwithout resetting the MAC entity. This is valid for the case when thereis no change in keys or PDCP termination point or PDCP version change.NW can support such bearer type change without handover or SN changeprocedure. There is no need to re-establish and reset the L2 entitieswhen bearer type change occurs without mobility procedure. EN-DCoperation should support the one step (direct) bearer type changebetween MCG DRB to/from MCG split DRB without using the handoverprocedure. EN-DC operation should support the one step (direct) bearertype change between SCG DRB to/from SCG split DRB without using thehandover procedure or SN change procedure.

Bearer type change between the MCG and the SCG involves the key changeand the PDCP termination point change so there is need of the PDCP kindof re-establishment procedure for the bearer change between MCG and SCG.There is no need of reset of the MAC entity for MCG to/from SCG bearertype change. The MCG to/from SCG bearer type change can also causechange in version of RLC i.e. LTE RLC to/from NR RLC. During the MCG tothe SCG bearer type change, the UE 102 need to do the RLCre-establishment procedure as it may have buffered data due tore-ordering functionality in LTE RLC. The UE 102 can do the RLCre-establishment for the MCG entity and then reconfigure the MCG RLCentity to SCG RLC entity. During SCG to MCG bearer type change as NR RLCdoes not support reordering functionality so there is no need to do RLCre-establishment. The UE 102 can simply release SCG RLC entity andestablished the MCG RLC entity. The EN-DC operation should support theone step (direct) bearer type change between MCG to/from SCG bearer withthe PDCP re-establishment kind procedure without using the handoverprocedure or SN change procedure. For SCG to MCG bearer type change, RLCre-establishment is not required and bearer type change can be supportedby releasing the SCG RLC entity and establishing the MCG RLC entity.Bearer type change between MCG and SCG split DRB involves key change andPDCP termination point change so there is need of PDCP kind ofre-establishment procedure. The MAC reset is required for bearer typechange between MCG to/from SCG split DRB.

The embodiments of the user plane operation for various architecturesand mobility scenario are further discussed below.

1A. Mobility Scenario: In the disclosure, the user plane operation forvarious architectures in the scenario when the UE 102 moves/switchesfrom one i.e. source DU/source TRP/source cell to another i.e. targetDU/target TRP/target cell in same CU/NB (i.e. CU/NB of source and targetDU/TRP/cell is same) is as follows:

Architecture Option 1: When the UE 102 moves/switches from oneDU/TRP/cell to another DU/TRP/cell in same CU/NB, the proposed userplane operation (for each DRB) for the architecture option 1(illustrated in the FIG. 2A) is as follows:

-   -   A. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables or        parameters Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN, the value of        Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN is maintained (i.e. it is        not reset to zero) for each DRB which is part of current UE 102        configuration. Next_PDCP_TX_SN indicates PDCP sequence number of        the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted. Next_PDCP_RX_SN indicates        PDCP sequence number of the next PDCP SDU to be received. In        another embodiment wherein the PDCP uses the state variables or        parameters TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT, the value of TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT        is maintained (i.e. it is not reset to zero) for each DRB which        is part of current UE 102 configuration. TX_NEXT indicates the        COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted. RX_NEXT        indicates the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be received.        The COUNT value is composed of a HFN and the PDCP SN. X MSBs of        COUNT indicates HFN and remaining bits of COUNT indicates PDCP        Sequence number (SN).    -   B. In an embodiment, the PDCP uses the state variables or        parameters TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the value of TX_HFN and RX_HFN is        also maintained i.e. it is not reset to zero for each radio        bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration. TX_HFN        indicates a hyper frame number value for generation of a counter        value used for the PDCP PDUs to be transmitted. RX_HFN indicates        a hyper frame number value for generation of a counter value        used for the received PDCP PDUs.    -   C. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables or        parameters RX_REORD, the value of RX_REORD is also maintained        i.e. it is not reset to zero. RX_REORD indicates COUNT value        following the COUNT value associated with the PDCP Data PDU        which has triggered start of reordering timer.    -   D. The security keys are not refreshed (i.e. the UE 102 does not        generate new security keys for ciphering and/or integrity        protection). The UE 102 uses the already established access        stratum (AS) security keys for each data radio bearer which is        part of current UE 102 configuration.    -   E. The UE 102 sends the SN status report (e.g., PDCP SN status)        if the SN status report is configured by the RRC. The        configuration to send the status report is per radio bearer. The        network (i.e. NB/CU 103) indicates whether the UE 102 needs to        send the SN status report or not. In an embodiment, this is        applicable only for the AM data radio bearers.    -   F. The NB/CU 103 may send the SN status report (e.g., PDCP SN        status) to the UE 102. The UE 102 does not need to wait for the        SN status report to resume the UL transmission. In an        embodiment, this is applicable only for the AM data radio        bearers.    -   G. For the AM data radio bearer, the UE 102 re-transmits in the        target DU/TRP/cell all uplink PDCP SDUs starting from the first        PDCP SDU following the last consecutively confirmed PDCP SDU        i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has not been acknowledged (e.g.,        at RLC) in the source DU/TRP/cell, excluding the PDCP SDUs for        which the reception is acknowledged through the PDCP SN based        reporting by the target DU/TRP/cell.    -   H. The CU/NB 103 re-transmits the PDCP SDUs that has not been        successfully transmitted in the source DU/TRP/cell, with the        exception of PDCP SDUs for which the reception is acknowledged        through the PDCP SN based reporting by the UE 102. In an        embodiment, this is applicable only for AM radio bearers.    -   I. The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDU reordering buffer are        deciphered and decompressed and kept in the PDCP, associated        with the COUNT.    -   J. Header compression protocol (ROHC) (if the ROHC is configured        for the DRB) is not reset.    -   K. The RLC entity is reset/re-established for each data radio        bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration If RLC        entity being reset/re-established is a Transmitting TM RLC        entity, it discards all RLC SDUs. If RLC entity being        reset/re-established is a receiving UM RLC entity, it performs        the following        -   when possible, reassembles RLC SDUs from the UMD PDUs with            SN<VR (UH) (VR (UH) state variable holds the value of the SN            following the SN of the UMD PDU with the highest SN among            received UMD PDUs, and it serves as the higher edge of the            reordering window), remove RLC headers when doing so and            deliver all reassembled RLC SDUs to upper layer in ascending            order of the RLC SN, if not delivered before;        -   discard all remaining UMD PDUs.        -   If RLC entity being reset/re-established is a Transmitting            UM RLC entity, it discards all RLC SDUs. If RLC entity being            reset/re-established is a AM RLC entity,        -   when possible, reassemble RLC SDUs from any byte segments of            AMD PDUs with SN<VR (MR) (VR (MR) equals            VR(R)+AM_Window_Size, and it holds the value of the SN of            the first AMD PDU that is beyond the receiving window and            serves as the higher edge of the receiving window. VR(R)            holds the value of the SN following the last in-sequence            completely received AMD PDU, and it serves as the lower edge            of the receiving window) in the receiving side, remove RLC            headers when doing so and deliver all reassembled RLC SDUs            to upper layer in ascending order of the RLC SN, if not            delivered before;        -   discard the remaining AMD PDUs and byte segments of AMD PDUs            in the receiving side;        -   discard all RLC SDUs and AMD PDUs in the transmitting side;            discard all RLC control PDUs.        -   Each RLC entity being reset/re-established stops and resets            all timers and resets all state variables to their initial            values.    -   L. The MAC entity is reset or re-established: The MAC entity is        configured to: initialize Bj for each logical channel to zero;        stop (if running) all timers; consider all timeAlignmentTimers        as expired and perform the corresponding actions; set the NDIs        for all uplink HARQ processes to the value 0; stop, if any,        ongoing RACH procedure; discard explicitly signalled        ra-PreambleIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex, if any; flush Msg3        buffer; cancel, if any, triggered Scheduling Request procedure;        cancel, if any, triggered Buffer Status Reporting procedure;        cancel, if any, triggered Power Headroom Reporting procedure;        flush the soft buffers for all DL HARQ processes; for each DL        HARQ process, consider the next received transmission for the TB        as the very first transmission; release, if any, Temporary        C-RNTI. In an embodiment, timeAlignmentTimers are considered as        expired based on indication from the network. The C-RNTI can be        maintained in one embodiment unless explictly released        indication received from the network or unless a new C-RNTI is        received from the network.    -   M. If the source DU/TRP/cell and the target DU/TRP/cell belongs        to same timing advance group (TAG), Random Access (RA) is not        performed by the UE 102 in the target DU/TRP/cell. The network        can indicate whether the UE 102 should perform RA or not.

In an embodiment, for architecture option 1 (i.e., FIG. 2A), if there isan explicit indication to the UE 102 to re-establish the PDCP in thehandover command (i.e. RRC reconfiguration message with mobility controlinformation). This is shown in the FIGS. 5A and 5B. The RLC entity isreset/re-established for each data radio bearer which is part of currentUE 102 configuration on receiving the handover command. The MAC entityis also reset or re-established. In an embodiment, for the UM data radiobearers (i.e. data radio bearers configured with the RLC in the UMmode), wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variablesNext_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102 resetsthe parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN andRX_HFN. In an alternate embodiment, for the UM data radio bearers (i.e.data radio bearers configured with the RLC in the UM mode), wherein thePDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT andRX_REORD, the UE 102 resets the parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXTand RX_REORD. For the UM data radio bearers, the ROHC is reset (ROHC maynot be reset in alternate embodiment and whether to reset or not may beindicated in RRC reconfiguration message). In an embodiment, for the AMdata radio bearers (i.e. data radio bearers configured with RLC in theAM mode) wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variablesNext_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of parameters orvariables: Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In analternate embodiment for the AM data radio bearers (i.e. data radiobearers configured with RLC in the AM mode), wherein the PDCP sublayeruses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD the UE 102maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of parameters orvariables: TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. For the AM data radio bearers(i.e. DRBs configured with RLC in the AM mode), the ROHC is reset. Theaccess stratum security keys for user plane and control plane isrefreshed. The UE 102 sends the PDCP SN status report if the PDCP SNstatus report is configured by the RRC. For AM data radio bearers the UE102 re-transmits all uplink PDCP SDUs starting from the first PDCP SDUfollowing the last consecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCPSDU that has not been acknowledged (e.g., at the RLC), excluding thePDCP SDUs for which the reception was acknowledged. For UM DRBs, foreach PDCP SDU already associated with a PDCP SN but for which acorresponding PDU has not previously been submitted to lower layers(i.e. RLC), consider these PDCP SDUs as received from upper layer,perform transmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order of the COUNTvalue associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP re-establishmentwithout restarting the discard timer. Each of these PDCP SDUs will bere-assigned PDCP SN. They will be ciphered (and/or integrity protected)and header compressed again. For AM DRBs, for each PDCP SDU alreadyassociated with a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has notpreviously been submitted to lower layers (i.e. RLC), performtransmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order of the COUNT valueassociated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP re-establishment. Each ofthese PDCP SDUs is not re-assigned PDCP SN. However, they will beciphered (and/or integrity protected) and header compressed again. It isto be noted that similar indication (explicit indication to the UE 102to re-establish PDCP) can be there in the RRC reconfiguration messagefor secondary node change when the UE 102 is configured with dual ormulti connectivity. Similar indication can also be there in the RRCreconfiguration message for the bearer type change.

In an embodiment, for architecture option 1 (i.e., FIG. 2A) when thereis no explicit indication (or explicit indication indicates do notprovide the PDCP re-establish indication or explicit indicationindicates UE to continue PDCP) to the UE 102 to re-establish the PDCP inthe handover command (i.e. RRC reconfiguration message with the mobilitycontrol information), the PDCP entity is not re-established for each DRBwhich is part of current UE 102 configuration on receiving the handovercommand. This is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The RLC isreset/re-established for each DRB which is part of current UE 102configuration on receiving the handover command. The MAC entity is alsoreset or re-established. In an embodiment, for the UM as well as AM dataradio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variablesNext_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of the parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In analternate embodiment, for the UM as well as AM data radio bearerswherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXTand RX_REORD, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the valuesof the parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. For AM aswell as UL DRBs, the ROHC is not reset. The access stratum security keysfor user plane and control plane is not refreshed. The UE 102 may sendthe PDCP SN status report if configured by the RRC.

Further, for the AM data radio bearers the UE 102 re-transmits alluplink PDCP SDUs starting from the first PDCP SDU following the lastconsecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has notbeen acknowledged (e.g., at RLC), excluding the PDCP SDUs for which thereception was acknowledged. In other word, UE perform retransmission ofall the PDCP Data PDUs previously submitted to re-established AM RLCentity in ascending order of the associated COUNT values from the firstPDCP Data PDU for which the successful delivery has not been confirmedby lower layers (i.e. RLC).

FIGS. 5A and 5B are examples of operations performed by the UE 102 basedon the PDCP re-establish indication information, according to anembodiment as disclosed herein. As shown in the FIGS. 5A and 5B, at step502, the UE 102 receives the RRC Reconfiguration Message. At 504, the UE102 determines whether that PDCP Re-establish Indication is included inthe received RRC reconfiguration Message or not. If the UE 102determines that PDCP re-establish indication is not included in thereceived RRC reconfiguration Message then in an embodiment at 506, forthe UM as well as AM data radio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer usesparameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN andRX_HFN, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of theparameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN andRX_HFN. Alternately at 506, for the UM as well as AM data radio bearerswherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXTand RX_REORD, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the valuesof the parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. At 508,the UE 102 does not reset the ROHC and at 510, the UE 102 does notrefresh the AS security keys.

If the UE 102 determines that the PDCP Re-establish Indication isincluded in the received message then in an embodiment at 512, for theUM data radio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE102 resets the parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN,TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In an alternate embodiment, at 512, for the UM dataradio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variablesTX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD, the UE 102 resets the parameters orvariables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. In an embodiment at 514, for AMdata radio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of the parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In analternate embodiment, at 514, for the AM data radio bearers wherein thePDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT andRX_REORD, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values ofthe parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD.

At 516, the UE 102 resets the ROHC and at 518, the UE 102 refreshes thesecurity keys.

At 520, for the UM radio bearer, for each PDCP SDU already associatedwith a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has not previously beensubmitted to the lower layers (i.e. RLC), consider these PDCP SDUs asreceived newly from upper layer, perform transmission of the PDCP SDUsin ascending order of the COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU priorto the PDCP re-establishment without restarting the discard timer. Eachof these PDCP SDUs will be re-assigned PDCP SN. They will be ciphered(and/or integrity protected) and header compressed again. For AM DRBs,for each PDCP SDU already associated with a PDCP SN but for which acorresponding PDU has not previously been submitted to lower layers(i.e. RLC), perform transmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order ofthe COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPre-establishment. Each of these PDCP SDUs is not re-assigned PDCP SN.However, they will be ciphered (and/or integrity protected) and headercompressed again.

At 522, for the AM bearers, the UE 102 re-transmits all uplink PDCP SDUsstarting from the first PDCP SDU following the last consecutivelyconfirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has not beenacknowledged (e.g., at RLC), excluding the PDCP SDUs for which thereception was acknowledged.

At 524, the RLC entity is reset/re-established for each radio bearer,and at 526, the MAC entity is reset/re-established.

In an embodiment, instead of the explicit PDCP re-establishmentindication, the PDCP re-establishment can be implicitly indicated by thepresence of security info e.g., Next Hop Chaining Count (NCC) in thehandover command message or Secondary Cell Group (SCG) counter in caseof dual connectivity SCG change or other security configuration. This isshown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The RLC entity is reset/re-established foreach data radio bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration onreceiving the handover command (or SCG change). The MAC entity is alsoreset or re-established. In an embodiment, for the UM data radio bearers(i.e. data radio bearers configured with the RLC in the UM mode),wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN,Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102 resets the parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In analternate embodiment, for the UM data radio bearers (i.e. data radiobearers configured with the RLC in the UM mode), wherein the PDCPsublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD, theUE 102 resets the parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD.The ROHC is reset (the ROHC may not be reset in alternate embodiment andwhether to reset or not may indicated in RRC reconfiguration message).In an embodiment, for the AM data radio bearers (i.e. data radio bearersconfigured with RLC in the AM mode) wherein the PDCP sublayer usesparameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN andRX_HFN, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values ofparameters or variables: Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN andRX_HFN. In an alternate embodiment for the AM data radio bearers (i.e.data radio bearers configured with RLC in the AM mode), wherein the PDCPsublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD theUE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of parameters orvariables: TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. For the data radio bearersconfigured with the RLC in the AM mode, the ROHC is reset. The accessstratum security key for the user plane and the control plane isrefreshed. The UE 102 sends the PDCP SN status report if the PDCP SNstatus report is configured by the RRC. The UE 102 re-transmits alluplink PDCP SDUs starting from the first PDCP SDU following the lastconsecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has notbeen acknowledged (e.g., at the RLC), excluding the PDCP SDUs for whichthe reception was acknowledged. For UM DRBs, for each PDCP SDU alreadyassociated with a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has notpreviously been submitted to lower layers (i.e. RLC), UE 102 performtransmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order of the COUNT valueassociated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP re-establishment withoutrestarting the discard timer. Each of these PDCP SDUs will bere-assigned PDCP SN. They will be ciphered (and/or integrity protected)and header compressed again. For AM DRBs, for each PDCP SDU alreadyassociated with a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has notpreviously been submitted to lower layers (i.e. RLC), performtransmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order of the COUNT valueassociated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP re-establishment. Each ofthese PDCP SDUs is not re-assigned PDCP SN. However, they will beciphered (and/or integrity protected) and header compressed again.

In an embodiment, for architecture option 1 (the FIG. 2A) when there isno security info e.g., NCC in the handover command or SCG counter incase of dual connectivity SCG change or other security configuration,then the PDCP is not re-established. This is shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.Upon receiving the handover command without the NCC or the SCG counterin case of dual connectivity SCG change or other security configuration,the PDCP entity is not re-established for each DRB which is part ofcurrent UE configuration. In an embodiment, for the UM as well as AMdata radio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of the parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In analternate embodiment, for the UM as well as AM data radio bearerswherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXTand RX_REORD, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the valuesof the parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. The ROHCis not reset for AM as well as UM DRBs. The access stratum security keyfor the user plane and the control plane is not refreshed. The UE 102may send PDCP SN status report if configured by the RRC. For the AM dataradio bearers, the UE 102 re-transmits all uplink PDCP SDUs startingfrom the first PDCP SDU following the last consecutively confirmed PDCPSDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has not been acknowledged (e.g., atRLC), excluding the PDCP SDUs for which the reception was acknowledged.In other word, UE 102 performs retransmission of all the PDCP Data PDUspreviously submitted to re-established AM RLC entity in ascending orderof the associated COUNT values from the first PDCP Data PDU for whichthe successful delivery has not been confirmed by the lower layers (i.e.RLC).

FIGS. 6A and 6B are an example operation performed by the UE 102 basedon the security key change indication information, according to anembodiment as disclosed herein.

Referring to the FIGS. 6A and 6B, at 602, the UE 102 receives the RRCreconfiguration message. At 604, the UE 102 determines that the securityInfo (e.g., NCC, security counter, etc.,) included in received Message?If the UE 102 determines that security Info does not included in thereceived Message then in an embodiment at 606, for the UM as well as AMdata radio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of the parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN.Alternately at 606, for the UM as well as AM data radio bearers whereinthe PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT andRX_REORD, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values ofthe parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD. At 608, theUE 102 does not reset the ROHC and at 610, the UE 102 does not refreshthe security keys.

If the UE 102 determines that the security Info is included in thereceived Message then at 612, for the UM data radio bearers wherein thePDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN,Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102 resets the parameters orvariables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In analternate embodiment at 612, for the UM data radio bearers wherein thePDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT andRX_REORD, the UE 102 resets the parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXTand RX_REORD. In an embodiment at 614, for AM data radio bearers whereinthe PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN,Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not resetto zero) the values of the parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN,Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In an alternate embodiment, at 614,for the AM data radio bearers wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parametersor variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD, the UE 102 maintains (i.e.not reset to zero) the values of the parameters or variables TX_NEXT,RX_NEXT and RX_REORD.

At 616, the UE 102 resets the ROHC and at 618, the UE 102 refreshes thesecurity keys.

At 620, for the UM radio bearer, for each PDCP SDU already associatedwith a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has not previously beensubmitted to lower layers (i.e. RLC), consider these PDCP SDUs asreceived newly from upper layer, perform transmission of the PDCP SDUsin ascending order of the COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU priorto the PDCP re-establishment without restarting the discard timer. Eachof these PDCP SDUs will be re-assigned PDCP SN. They will be ciphered(and/or integrity protected) and header compressed again. For AM DRBs,for each PDCP SDU already associated with a PDCP SN but for which acorresponding PDU has not previously been submitted to lower layers(i.e. RLC), perform transmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order ofthe COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCPre-establishment. Each of these PDCP SDUs is not re-assigned PDCP SN.However, they will be ciphered (and/or integrity protected) and headercompressed again.

At 622, for the AM bearers, the UE 102 re-transmits all uplink PDCP SDUsstarting from the first PDCP SDU following the last consecutivelyconfirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has not beenacknowledged (e.g., at RLC), excluding the PDCP SDUs for which thereception was acknowledged.

At 624, the RLC entity is reset/re-established for each radio bearer,and at 626, the MAC entity is reset/re-established.

Architecture Option 2: When the UE 102 moves/switches from one DU/TRP toanother DU/TRP in same CU (i.e. CU of source and target DU/TRP/Cell issame), the proposed user plane operation (for each DRB) for thearchitecture option 2 (illustrated in the FIG. 2B) is as follows:

-   -   a) The PDCP entity is not re-established.        -   a. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables            or parameters Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN, the value            of Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN is maintained (i.e.            it is not reset to zero) for each data radio bearer which is            part of current UE 102 configuration. Next_PDCP_TX_SN            indicates PDCP sequence number of the next PDCP SDU to be            transmitted. Next_PDCP_RX_SN indicates PDCP sequence number            of the next PDCP SDU to be received. In another embodiment            wherein the PDCP uses the state variables or parameters            TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT, the value of TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT is            maintained (i.e. it is not reset to zero) for each DRB which            is part of current UE 102 configuration. TX_NEXT indicates            the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted.            RX_NEXT indicates the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be            received. The COUNT value is composed of a HFN and the PDCP            SN. X MSBs of COUNT indicates HFN and remaining bits of            COUNT indicates PDCP Sequence number (SN).        -   b. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables            or parameters TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the value of TX_HFN and            RX_HFN† is also maintained i.e. it is not reset to zero for            each data radio bearer which is part of current UE 102            configuration. TX_HFN indicates a hyper frame number value            for generation of a counter value used for the PDCP PDUs to            be transmitted. RX_HFN indicates a hyper frame number value            for generation of a counter value used for the received PDCP            PDUs.        -   c. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables            or parameters RX_REORD, the value of RX_REORD is also            maintained i.e. it is not reset to zero. RX_REORD indicates            COUNT value following the COUNT value associated with the            PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer.        -   d. The security keys are not refreshed (i.e. the UE 102 does            not generate new security keys for ciphering and/or            integrity protection). The UE 102 uses the already            established AS security keys for each data radio bearer            which is part of current UE 102 configuration.        -   e. The UE 102 does not send any SN status report.        -   f. The UE PDCP entity does not attempt to retransmit any            PDCP SDU in the target DU/TRP/Cell for which transmission            had been completed in the source DU/TRP/Cell, instead UE            PDCP entity starts the transmission with other PDCP SDUs.        -   g. No PDCP SDUs are retransmitted in the target DU 105.        -   h. The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDU reordering buffer are            deciphered and decompressed and kept in the PDCP, associated            with COUNT.        -   i. The ROHC is not reset.    -   b) The RLC is not reset/re-established for each data radio        bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration.    -   c) The MAC entity is reset or re-established. Further, the MAC        entity is configured to: initialize Bj for each logical channel        to zero; stop (if running) all timers; consider all        timeAlignmentTimersas expired and perform the corresponding        actions; set the NDIs for all uplink HARQ processes to the value        0; stop, if any, ongoing RACH procedure; discard explicitly        signalled ra-PreambleIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex, if any; flush        Msg3 buffer; cancel, if any, triggered Scheduling Request        procedure; cancel, if any, triggered Buffer Status Reporting        procedure; cancel, if any, triggered Power Headroom Reporting        procedure; flush the soft buffers for all DL HARQ processes; for        each DL HARQ process, consider the next received transmission        for a TB as the very first transmission; release, if any,        Temporary C-RNTI. In one embodiment, the timeAlignmentTimers are        considered as expired based on indication from the network. The        C-RNTI can be maintained in one embodiment unless explictly        released indication received from the network or unless a new        C-RNTI is received from the network.    -   d) If the source and target DU/TRP/Cell belongs to same TAG, the        RA is not performed by the UE 102 in target DU/TRP/Cell. The        network can indicate whether the UE 102 should perform RA or        not.

Architecture Option 3: When the UE 102 moves/switches from oneDU/TRP/cell to another DU/TRP/cell in same CU/NB 103, the proposed userplane operation (for each DRB) for the architecture option 3(illustrated in the FIG. 2C) is as follows:

-   -   a) The PDCP entity is not re-established.        -   a. In an embodiment wherein the PDCP uses the state            variables or parameters Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN,            the value of Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN is            maintained (i.e. it is not reset to zero) for each DRB which            is part of current UE 102 configuration. Next_PDCP_TX_SN            indicates PDCP sequence number of the next PDCP SDU to be            transmitted. Next_PDCP_RX_SN indicates PDCP sequence number            of the next PDCP SDU to be received. In another embodiment            wherein the PDCP uses the state variables or parameters            TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT, the value of TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT is            maintained (i.e. it is not reset to zero) for each DRB which            is part of current UE 102 configuration. TX_NEXT indicates            the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted.            RX_NEXT indicates the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be            received. The COUNT value is composed of a HFN and the PDCP            SN. X MSBs of COUNT indicates HFN and remaining bits of            COUNT indicates PDCP Sequence number (SN).        -   b. In an embodiment wherein the PDCP uses the state            variables or parameters TX_HFN and RX_HFN, The value of            TX_HFN and RX_HFN is also maintained i.e. it is not reset to            zero for each radio bearer which is part of current UE 102            configuration. TX_HFN indicates a hyper frame number value            for generation of a counter value used for the PDCP PDUs to            be transmitted. RX_HFN indicates a hyper frame number value            for generation of a counter value used for the received PDCP            PDUs.        -   c. In an embodiment wherein the PDCP uses the state            variables or parameters RX_REORD, the value of RX_REORD is            also maintained i.e. it is not reset to zero. RX_REORD            indicates COUNT value following the COUNT value associated            with the PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of            reordering timer.        -   d. The security keys are not refreshed (i.e., the UE 102            does not generate new security keys for ciphering and/or            integrity protection). The UE 102 uses the already            established AS security keys for each data radio bearer            which is part of current UE 102 configuration.        -   e. The UE 102 does not send any SN status report.        -   f. The UE PDCP entity does not attempt to retransmit any            PDCP SDU in the target DU/TRP/cell for which transmission            had been completed in the source DU/TRP/Cell instead of the            UE PDCP entity starts the transmission with other PDCP SDUs.        -   g. No PDCP SDUs are retransmitted in the target DU/TRP/Cell.        -   h. The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDU reordering buffer are            deciphered and decompressed and kept in the PDCP, associated            with COUNT.        -   i. The ROHC is not reset.    -   b) The RLC is not reset/re-established for each data radio        bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration. The RLC        SDUs given to source DU/TRP/Cell, whose transmission is not        completed in the source DU/TRP/Cell, are retransmitted via the        target DU/TRP/Cell. Even if the RLC SDU is partially transmitted        by the source DU/TRP/Cell, complete RLC SDU is transmitted to        target DU/TRP/Cell by the CU 103. Alternately, the source        DU/TRP/Cell can indicate to the CU 103 which part of the SDU is        not transmitted, and the CU 103 retransmits that part via the        target DU/TRP/Cell.    -   c) The MAC entity is reset or re-established. Further, the MAC        entity is configured to: initialize Bj for each logical channel        to zero; stop (if running) all timers; consider all        timeAlignmentTimersas expired and perform the corresponding        actions; set the NDIs for all uplink HARQ processes to the value        0; stop, if any, ongoing RACH procedure; discard explicitly        signalled ra-PreambleIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex, if any; flush        Msg3 buffer; cancel, if any, triggered Scheduling Request        procedure; cancel, if any, triggered Buffer Status Reporting        procedure; cancel, if any, triggered Power Headroom Reporting        procedure; flush the soft buffers for all DL HARQ processes; for        each DL HARQ process, consider the next received transmission        for a TB as the very first transmission; release, if any,        Temporary C-RNTI. In one embodiment, the timeAlignmentTimers are        considered as expired based on the indication from the network.        The C-RNTI can be maintained in one embodiment unless explictly        released indication received from the network or unless a new        C-RNTI is received from the network.    -   d) If the source DU/TRP/Cell and the target DU/TRP/Cell belong        to same TAG, the RA is not performed by the UE 102 in the target        DU/TRP/Cell. The network can indicate whether the UE 102 should        perform the RA or not.

Architecture Option 4: When the UE 102 moves/switches from oneDU/TRP/Cell to another DU/TRP/Cell in same CU/NB 103, the proposed userplane operation (for each DRB) for the architecture option 4(illustrated in the FIG. 2D) is as follows:

-   -   a) The PDCP entity is not re-established.        -   a. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables            or parameters Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN, the value            of Next_PDCP_TX_SN and Next_PDCP_RX_SN is maintained (i.e.            it is not reset to zero) for each DRB which is part of            current UE 102 configuration. Next_PDCP_TX_SN indicates PDCP            sequence number of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted.            Next_PDCP_RX_SN indicates PDCP sequence number of the next            PDCP SDU to be received. In another embodiment wherein the            PDCP uses the state variables or parameters TX_NEXT and            RX_NEXT, the value of TX_NEXT and RX_NEXT is maintained            (i.e. it is not reset to zero) for each DRB which is part of            current UE 102 configuration. TX_NEXT indicates the COUNT            value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted. RX_NEXT            indicates the COUNT value of the next PDCP SDU to be            received. The COUNT value is composed of a HFN and the PDCP            SN. X MSBs of COUNT indicates HFN and remaining bits of            COUNT indicates PDCP Sequence number (SN).        -   b. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables            or parameters TX_HFN and RX_HFN, The value of TX_HFN and            RX_HFN is also maintained i.e. it is not reset to zero for            each radio bearer which is part of current UE 102            configuration. TX_HFN indicates a hyper frame number value            for generation of a counter value used for the PDCP PDUs to            be transmitted. RX_HFN indicates a hyper frame number value            for generation of a counter value used for the received PDCP            PDUs.        -   c. In an embodiment, where the PDCP uses the state variables            or parameters RX_REORD, the value of RX_REORD is also            maintained i.e. it is not reset to zero. RX_REORD indicates            COUNT value following the COUNT value associated with the            PDCP Data PDU which has triggered start of reordering timer.        -   d. The security keys are not refreshed. The UE 102 uses the            already established AS security keys for each data radio            bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration.        -   e. The UE 102 does not send the SN status report (e.g., PDCP            SN status report).        -   f. The UE PDCP entity does not attempt to retransmit any            PDCP SDU in the target DU/TRP/Cell for which transmission            had been completed in the source DU/TRP/Cell instead of the            UE PDCP entity starts the transmission with other PDCP SDUs.        -   g. No PDCP SDUs are retransmitted in the target DU/TRP/Cell.        -   h. The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDU reordering buffer are            deciphered and decompressed and kept in the PDCP, associated            with COUNT.        -   i. The ROHC is not reset.    -   b) The RLC is not reset/re-established for each data radio        bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration.    -   c) The MAC entity is not reset or re-established.    -   d) If source and target DU/TRP/Cell belongs to same TAG, the RA        is not performed by the UE 102 in target DU/TRP/Cell. Further,        the network can indicate whether the UE 102 should perform RA or        not.    -   In the mobility scenario 1A i.e. DU/TRP/Cell change within the        same CU/NB since the PDCP entity is not re-located there is no        need to change the access stratum security keys for user plane        and control plane. There is also no need to reset the PDCP SN,        the HFN and the ROHC irrespective of AM or UM DRBs.

1B. Mobility Scenario: In the user plane operation is explained, whenthe UE 102 moves from one DU/TRP/Cell to another DU/TRP/Cell indifferent CU/NB or the UE 102 moves from one CU/NB to another CU/NB.

When the UE 102 moves/switches from one DU/TRP/Cell to anotherDU/TRP/Cell in different CU/NB, the proposed user plane operation (foreach DRB) for all architecture options are as follows:

-   -   a) In an embodiment, for the UM data radio bearers (i.e. data        radio bearers configured with the RLC in the UM mode), wherein        the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN,        Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102 resets the        parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN        and RX_HFN. In an alternate embodiment, for the UM data radio        bearers (i.e. data radio bearers configured with the RLC in the        UM mode), wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables        TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD, the UE 102 resets the parameters        or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD.    -   b) In an embodiment, for the AM data radio bearers (i.e. data        radio bearers configured with RLC in the AM mode) wherein the        PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN,        Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102 maintains (i.e.        not reset to zero) the values of parameters or variables:        Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN. In an        alternate embodiment for the AM data radio bearers (i.e. data        radio bearers configured with RLC in the AM mode), wherein the        PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and        RX_REORD the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the        values of parameters or variables: TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and        RX_REORD.    -   c) The source CU/NB informs the target CU/NB about the next DL        PDCP SN to allocate to the packet which does not have the PDCP        sequence number yet (either from source CU or from the serving        GW 101).    -   d) For the UM data radio bearers the ROHC is reset (ROHC may not        be reset in alternate embodiment and whether to reset or not may        be indicated in RRC reconfiguration message). For the AM data        radio bearers (i.e. DRBs configured with RLC in the AM mode),        the ROHC is reset.    -   e) The security keys are refreshed (i.e. key hierarchy        associated with user plane and control plane is refreshed).    -   f) For DRB configured with the RLC in the AM mode, the UE 102        sends the SN status report (e.g., PDCP SN status) if configured        by the RRC. The RRC indicates for which radio bearer UE needs to        send the status report.    -   g) For DRB configured with the RLC in the AM mode, the source        NB/CU may send the SN status report (e.g., PDCP SN status) to        the UE 102. The UE 102 does not need to wait to resume the UL        transmission.    -   h) For DRB configured with the RLC in the AM mode, the UE 102        re-transmits in the target DU/TRP/Cell all uplink PDCP SDUs        starting from the first PDCP SDU following the last        consecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that        has not been acknowledged at RLC in the source DU/TRP/Cell,        excluding the PDCP SDUs of which the reception was acknowledged        through PDCP SN based reporting by the target DU/TRP/Cell. For        UM DRBs, for each PDCP SDU already associated with a PDCP SN but        for which a corresponding PDU has not previously been submitted        to lower layers (i.e. RLC), consider these PDCP SDUs as received        from upper layer, perform transmission of the PDCP SDUs in        ascending order of the COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU        prior to the PDCP re-establishment without restarting the        discard timer. Each of these PDCP SDUs will be re-assigned PDCP        SN. They will be ciphered (and/or integrity protected) and        header compressed again. For AM DRBs, for each PDCP SDU already        associated with a PDCP SN but for which a corresponding PDU has        not previously been submitted to lower layers (i.e. RLC),        perform transmission of the PDCP SDUs in ascending order of the        COUNT value associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP        re-establishment. Each of these PDCP SDUs is not re-assigned        PDCP SN. However, they will be ciphered (and/or integrity        protected) and header compressed again.    -   i) The target CU re-transmits and prioritizes all downlink PDCP        SDUs forwarded by the source CU (i.e. the target CU should send        data with PDCP SNs from X2 before sending data from S1), with        the exception of PDCP SDUs of which the reception was        acknowledged through PDCP SN based reporting by the UE 102.    -   j) The ROHC is reset.    -   k) The RLC entity is reset/re-established for each data radio        bearer which is part of current UE 102 configuration: If the RLC        entity being reset/re-established is a Transmitting TM RLC        entity, it discards all RLC SDUs. If RLC entity being        reset/re-established is a Receiving UM RLC entity it performs        the following: when possible, reassemble RLC SDUs from UMD PDUs        with SN<VR (UH) (VR (UH) state variable holds the value of the        SN following the SN of the UMD PDU with the highest SN among        received UMD PDUs, and it serves as the higher edge of the        reordering window.); remove RLC headers when doing so and        deliver all reassembled RLC SDUs to upper layer in ascending        order of the RLC SN, if not delivered before; discard all        remaining UMD PDUs. If RLC entity being reset/re-established is        a Transmitting UM RLC entity, it discard all RLC SDUs; If RLC        entity being reset/re-established is a AM RLC entity it performs        the following: when possible, reassemble RLC SDUs from any byte        segments of AMD PDUs with SN<VR (MR) (VR (MR) equals        VR(R)+AM_Window_Size, and it holds the value of the SN of the        first AMD PDU that is beyond the receiving window and serves as        the higher edge of the receiving window. VR(R) holds the value        of the SN following the last in-sequence completely received AMD        PDU, and it serves as the lower edge of the receiving window) in        the receiving side; remove RLC headers when doing so and deliver        all reassembled RLC SDUs to upper layer in ascending order of        the RLC SN, if not delivered before; discard the remaining AMD        PDUs and byte segments of AMD PDUs in the receiving side;        discard all RLC SDUs and AMD PDUs in the transmitting side;        discard all RLC control PDUs. Each RLC entity being        reset/re-established stops and resets all timers; reset all        state variables to their initial values.    -   l) The MAC entity is reset or re-established. Further, the MAC        entity is configured to: initialize Bj for each logical channel        to zero; stop (if running) all timers; consider all        timeAlignmentTimersas expired and perform the corresponding        actions; set the NDIs for all uplink HARQ processes to the value        0; stop, if any, ongoing RACH procedure; discard explicitly        signalled ra-PreambleIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex, if any; flush        Msg3 buffer; cancel, if any, triggered Scheduling Request        procedure; cancel, if any, triggered Buffer Status Reporting        procedure; cancel, if any, triggered Power Headroom Reporting        procedure; flush the soft buffers for all DL HARQ processes; for        each DL HARQ process, consider the next received transmission        for a TB as the very first transmission; release, if any,        Temporary C-RNTI.    -   m) The RA is performed by the UE 102 in the target DU.

In mobility scenario 1B i.e. DU/TRP/Cell changes across two differentCU/NBs. Since the PDCP entity is re-located from one CU/NB to anotherCU/NB the access stratum security keys for user plane and control planeneed to be change/refresh.

The user plane operation at the network side and at the UE 102 side isdifferent for the mobility scenario 1A and the mobility scenario 1B.Also, within the mobility scenario 1A, the user plane operation isdifferent at the network side and at the UE side 102 for differentarchitecture options. So that when the UE 102 switches from oneDU/Cell/TRP to another DU/Cell/TRP it should identify and performappropriate operation.

FIGS. 7A to 7C and 8A and 8B are depicting various operations performedby the UE 102 when the UE 102 switches from the source TRP/DU to thetarget TRP/DU, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.

Embodiment 1: In an embodiment, in order to assist the UE 102 forperforming the appropriate action related to the user plane operation,the network sends one or more functional indications as listed inTable 1. These indications can be sent in the signaling message (e.g.,RRC Connection Reconfiguration message or any other signaling message(e.g., beam change command)) used for TRP/DU switching to indicate theUE what action the UE 102 has to take associated with the correspondingfunction of user plane processing.

TABLE 1 Functional Indications from the eNB 103 PurposeRLC_Reset_Indication Indicates whether the RLC entity needs to bereset/re-established. This indication is related to the radio bearer orflow specific. Retransmission_Indication Indicates whether the UE 102retransmits any SDU in the target DU for which transmission is completedin the source DU. Note that the transmission is completed which does notmean it is received successfully by the receiver. This indication isrelated to the radio bearer or flow specific. MAC_Reset_IndicationIndicates whether the MAC needs to be reset or re-established. Thisindication is related to the UE 102 specific.SN_Status_Report_Indication Indicates whether the UE 102 needs to sendthe SN status (e.g., PDCP SN Status) report. This indication is relatedto the radio bearer or flow specific. Key_Refresh_Indication Indicateswhether the UE 102 needs to refresh security keys. This indication canbe radio bearer or flow specific or UE specific. ROHC_Reset_IndicationIndicates whether the UE 102 needs to reset ROHC. This indication isradio bearer or flow specific. RA_Indication Indicates whether the UE102 perform random access in the target DU for UL timing. In case RA isnot performed, the UL timing in the source DU is used. Parameter resetIndication for Indicates whether UE 102 needs to reset UMDRB parametersor variables Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN,TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD

Further, the UE 102 operation explained (as shown in the FIGS. 7A to 7C)after switching from the source TRP/DU/cell to target TRP/DU/cell is asfollows:

-   -   a) SN Handling: In an embodiment, for the AM data radio bearers        (i.e. data radio bearers configured with RLC in the AM mode)        wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables        Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102        maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of parameters or        variables: Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN.        In an alternate embodiment for the AM data radio bearers (i.e.        data radio bearers configured with RLC in the AM mode), wherein        the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT        and RX_REORD the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the        values of parameters or variables: TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and        RX_REORD. For DRBs for which the RLC is configured in the UM        mode, indication is there to indicate whether to reset the        parameters Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN,        TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and RX_REORD.    -   b) Security Key Handling: The security keys are refreshed if the        UE 102 receives the indication (i.e. Key_Refresh_Indication)        from the NB to refresh the security keys where the key hierarchy        associated with the user plane and the control plane is        refreshed. Otherwise, the security keys are not refreshed. The        UE 102 uses the already established the AS security keys for        each radio bearer or radio flow which is part of current UE 102        configuration. In an alternate embodiment, the security keys are        not refreshed if the UE 102 receives an indication (i.e.        Key_Continue_Indication) from the NB 103 to continue using the        already established security keys. Otherwise it refreshed the        security keys.    -   c) SN Status Report Handling: The UE 102 sends the SN status        report (e.g., PDCP SN status) if the UE 102 receives the        indication from the eNB 103. Otherwise it does not send status        report.    -   d) Retransmission Handling: On receiving an indication (i.e.        Retransmission_Indication) from the eNB 103 to retransmit, the        UE 102 re-transmits in the target DU/TRP/Cell all uplink PDCP        SDUs starting from the first PDCP SDU following the last        consecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that        has not been acknowledged (e.g., at RLC) in the source        DU/TRP/Cell, excluding the PDCP SDUs for which the reception was        acknowledged through PDCP SN based reporting by the target        DU/TRP/Cell.    -   e) Reordering Handling: The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDU        reordering buffer are deciphered and decompressed and kept in        the PDCP, associated with the COUNT.    -   f) ROHC Handling: On receiving an indication (i.e.,        ROHC_Reset_Indication) from the eNB 103 to reset the ROHC, the        UE 102 resets the ROHC. Otherwise, the UE 102 does not reset        ROHC. In an alternate embodiment on receiving the indication        (i.e. ROHC_Continue_Indication) from NB to not reset ROHC, UE        102 continues ROHC. Otherwise it resets.    -   g) RLC Handling: The RLC is reset/re-established for each radio        bearer or radio flow which is part of current UE 102        configuration if the UE 102 receives the indication from the eNB        103 to reset the RLC. Otherwise it does not reset the RLC.    -   h) MAC Handling: The MAC entity is reset or re-established if        the UE 102 receives the indication from the eNB 103 to reset the        MAC. Otherwise it does not reset MAC.    -   i) RA Handling: In one embodiment, if the source DU/TRP/Cell and        the target DU/TRP/Cell belong to same TAG, the RA is not        performed by the UE 102 in the target DU/TRP/Cell. In alternate        embodiment, the network can indicate whether the UE 102 should        perform the RA or not.    -   j) C-RNTI Handling: In one embodiment, if the source DU/TRP/Cell        and the target DU/TRP/Cell belong to same CU, the C-RNTI is not        released by the UE 102. In alternate embodiment, the network can        indicate whether the UE 102 should maintain or release the        C-RNTI.

In an embodiment, instead of the explicit one bit key refreshindication, the key refresh can be indicated by including theSecurityConfig in the RRC connection reconfiguration. Absence of theSecurityConfig indicates that security key is not refreshed. In yetanother embodiment, instead of the explicit one bit key refreshindication, absence of the NCC or the SCG counter implicitly indicatethat security key refresh is not needed else if included then thesecurity is refreshed/changed. These embodiments are applicable for thehandover scenario is single connectivity scenario where the UE 102 hasone radio link connection with the CU/gNB 103 and also for the SCGchange in dual connectivity scenario where the UE 102 has two radio linkconnections with a Master node (MN) and secondary node (SN).

In one embodiment, if the UE 102 is able to detect itself that the CU103 has changed then the UE 102 can refresh keys and reset the ROHC evenwithout Key_Refresh_Indication and ROHC_Reset_Indication respectively.

The NB in this embodiment of the proposed invention can set theindications based on the mobility scenario and its architecture as shownin Table 2.

TABLE 2 DU change in same CU Arch Arch Arch Arch 1 2 3 4 FunctionalIndications (FIG. (FIG. (FIG. (FIG. CU from NB 103 2A) 2B) 2C) 2D)change RLC_Reset_Indication Yes No No No Yes Retransmission_IndicationYes No No No Yes MAC_Reset_Indication Yes Yes Yes No YesSN_Status_Report_Indication Yes No No No Yes Key_Refresh_Indication NoNo No No Yes ROHC_Reset_Indication No No No No Yes Parameter resetIndication No No No No Yes for UM DRB RA_Indication Yes/ Yes/ Yes/ Yes/Yes No No No No

In an embodiment, the network or communication system 100 may onlysupport some or one of the architecture options. A subset of the aboveindications can be defined in such system. For example, for networksupporting only architecture option 1, Key_Refresh_Indication,ROHC_Reset_Indication and parameter reset Indication for the UM DRB isneeded. These three indications can be separately included or can alsobe represented by the single indication (e.g., PDCP re-establishindication).

In an embodiment, the network or communication system 100 may onlysupport architecture option 2A. In this case only Key_Refresh_Indicationand ROHC_Reset_Indication needs to be signaled by the network. These canbe two independent indications. Alternately there can be singleindication based on which the UE 102 decide to both refresh securitykeys and reset ROHC.

Referring to the FIGS. 7A to 7C, at 702, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. donot reset) the PDCP SN for each DRB which is part of current UE 102configuration. At 704, the method includes maintains (i.e. do not reset)the HFN for each DRB which is part of current UE 102 configuration. At706, the UE 102 determines that the Key refresh indication occurs. Ifthe Key refresh indication occurs then, at 708, the UE 102 refreshes theAS security keys.

If the Key refresh indication does not occur then, at 710, the UE 102uses the already established AS security keys for each DRB which is partof current UE 102 configuration.

At 712, the UE 102 determines that the ROHC reset indication occurs. Ifthe ROHC reset indication occurs then, at 714, the UE 102 resets theROHC.

If the ROHC reset indication does not occur then, at 716, the UE 102maintains (i.e. do not reset) the ROHC state (if configured) for eachDRB which is part of current UE 102 configuration.

At 718, the UE 102 continues the PDCP reordering (i.e., The PDCP PDUsstored in the PDU reordering buffer are deciphered and decompressed andkept in the PDCP, associated with COUNT).

At 720, the UE 102 determines whether the RLC reset indication occurs.If the RLC reset indication does not occur then, at 722, the UE 102performs that the RLC entity is not reset for each DRB which is part ofcurrent UE 102 configuration.

If the RLC reset indication occurs then at 724, the UE 102 resets theRLC entity for each DRB which is part of current UE 102 configuration.

At 726, the UE 102 determines that the retransmission indication occurs.If the retransmission indication does not occur then at 728, the UE 102allows that the UE PDCP entity does not attempt to retransmit any PDCPSDU in the target DU for which transmission had been completed in thesource DU instead UE PDCP entity starts the transmission with other PDCPSDUs.

If the retransmission indication does not occur then at 730, the UE 102re-transmits in the target DU all uplink PDCP SDUs starting from thefirst PDCP SDU following the last consecutively confirmed PDCP SDU i.e.the oldest PDCP SDU that has not been acknowledged at RLC in the sourceDU, excluding the PDCP SDUs of which the reception was acknowledgedthrough PDCP SN based reporting by the target DU.

At 732, the method includes determining whether MAC reset indicationoccurs. If the MAC reset indication does not occur then, at 734, the MACentity is not reset.

If the MAC Reset indication occurs then at 736, the MAC entity is reset.

At 738, the UE 102 determines whether SN status report indicationoccurs. If the SN status report indication does not occur then at 740,the UE 102 does not send PDCP status report.

If the SN status report indication occurs, at 742, the UE 102 sends thePDCP status report via the new DU.

At 744, the UE 102 determines whether RA Indication occurs. If the RAindication does not occur then, at 746, the UE 102 does not perform theRA in target DU. If the RA Indication occurs then at 748, the UE 102performs the RA in the target DU.

Embodiment 2: In one embodiment, in order to assist the UE 102 forperforming appropriate action related to the user plane operation, thenetwork may send one or more indications as listed in Table 3. Theseindications can be sent in the RRC connection reconfiguration message orany other signaling message (e.g., beam change command) used for theTRP/DU switching to indicate the UE 102 what action it has to takeassociated with the corresponding function of user plane processing.

TABLE 3 Functional Indications from NB Purpose Indication X Indicateswhether The RLC entity needs to be reset/ re-established. The UE 102retransmits any SDU in the target DU for which transmission is completedin the source DU. Note that the transmission is completed does not meanit is received successfully by the receiver. The UE 102 needs to sendthe SN status (e.g., PDCP SN status) report. This indication is relatedto the radio bearer or the flow specific. MAC_Reset_Indication Indicateswhether the MAC needs to be reset or re- established. This indication isrelated to the UE 102 specific. Key_Refresh_Indication Indicates whetherthe UE 102 needs to refresh security keys. This indication can be radiobearer or flow specific or UE 102 specific. ROHC_Reset_IndicationIndicates whether the UE 102 needs to reset the ROHC. This indication isrelated to the radio bearer or the flow specific. RA_IndicationIndicates whether the UE 102 perform the random access in the target DUfor the UL timing. In case RA is not performed, the UL timing in thesource DU is used.

The UE 102 operation in this embodiment of proposed method asillustrated in the FIGS. 6A and 6B after switching from sourceTRP/DU/Cell to target TRP/DU/Cell is as follows:

-   -   a) SN Handling: In an embodiment, for the AM data radio bearers        (i.e. data radio bearers configured with the RLC in the AM mode)        wherein the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables        Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN, the UE 102        maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the values of parameters or        variables: Next_PDCP_TX_SN, Next_PDCP_RX_SN, TX_HFN and RX_HFN.        In an alternate embodiment for the AM data radio bearers (i.e.        data radio bearers configured with RLC in the AM mode), wherein        the PDCP sublayer uses parameters or variables TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT        and RX_REORD the UE 102 maintains (i.e. not reset to zero) the        values of parameters or variables: TX_NEXT, RX_NEXT and        RX_REORD. For the DRBs for which the RLC is configured in the UM        mode, indication can be there to indicate whether to reset        parameters or not.    -   b) Security Key Handling: the security keys are refreshed if the        UE 102 receives an indication (i.e. Key_Refresh_Indication) from        the NB to refresh the security keys wherein the key hierarchy        associated with the user plane and the control plane is        refreshed. Otherwise, the security keys are not refreshed. The        UE 102 uses the already established AS security keys for each        radio bearer or radio flow which is part of current UE 102        configuration. In an alternate embodiment, the security keys are        not refreshed if the UE 102 receives the indication (i.e.        Key_Continue_Indication) from the NB 103 to continue using the        already established security keys. Otherwise it refreshed the        security keys.    -   c) SN Status Report Handling: The UE 102 sends SN status report        (e.g., PDCP SN status) if the UE 102 receives indication X from        the NB 103. Otherwise it does not send status report.    -   d) Retransmission Handling: On receiving an indication (i.e.,        indication X) from the NB to retransmit, the UE 102 re-transmits        in the target DU all uplink PDCP SDUs starting from the first        PDCP SDU following the last consecutively confirmed PDCP SDU        i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has not been acknowledged (e.g.,        at RLC) in the source DU, excluding the PDCP SDUs for which the        reception was acknowledged through the PDCP SN based reporting        by the target DU.    -   e) Reordering Handling: The PDCP PDUs stored in the PDU        reordering buffer are deciphered and decompressed and kept in        the PDCP, associated with the COUNT.    -   f) ROHC Handling: On receiving the indication (i.e.        ROHC_Reset_Indication) from the NB to reset the ROHC, the UE 102        resets ROHC. Otherwise, the UE 102 does not reset ROHC. In an        embodiment, on receiving an indication (i.e.        ROHC_Continue_Indication) from the NB 103 to not reset ROHC, the        UE 102 continues ROHC. Otherwise it resets.    -   g) RLC Handling: The RLC is reset/re-established for each radio        bearer or radio flow which is part of current UE 102        configuration if the UE 102 receives the indication (i.e.        Indication X) from the NB 103 to reset RLC. Otherwise it does        not reset the RLC.    -   h) MAC Handling: The MAC entity is reset or re-established if        the UE 102 receives the indication from NB to reset the MAC.        Otherwise it does not reset MAC.    -   i) RA Handling: In one embodiment, if the source DU and the        target DU belongs to same TAG, the RA is not performed by the UE        102 in the target DU. In alternate embodiment, the network can        indicate whether the UE 102 should perform the RA or not.    -   j) C-RNTI Handling: In one embodiment, if the source DU and the        target DU belong to different CU, the C-RNTI is released by the        UE. In alternate embodiment, the network can indicate whether        the UE 102 should maintain or release the C-RNTI.    -   k) In one embodiment, if the UE 102 is able to detect itself        that the CU 103 has changed then the UE 102 can refresh keys and        reset the ROHC even without Key_Refresh_Indication and        ROHC_Reset_Indication respectively. In one embodiment, if the UE        102 is able to detect that the cell 104 has changed, then the UE        102 can refresh the keys and reset the ROHC even without        Key_Refresh_Indication and ROHC_Reset_Indication respectively.

In an embodiment, the NB can set the indications based on the mobilityscenario and its architecture as shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 DU change in same CU Functional Indications Arch Arch Arch ArchCU from NB 103 1 2 3 4 change Indication X Yes No No No YesMAC_Reset_Indication Yes Yes Yes No Yes Key_Refresh_Indication No No NoNo Yes ROHC_Reset_Indication No No No No Yes RA_Indication Yes/ Yes/Yes/ Yes/ Yes No No No No Parameter reset Indication No No No No Yes forUM DRB

Embodiment 3: In an embodiment, in order to assist the UE 102 forperforming appropriate action related to user plane operation, thenetwork sends architectural indication as listed in Table 5. Theseindications can be sent in the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message orany other signaling message (e.g., beam change command) used for theTRP/DU switching or in broadcast signaling. The UE 102 performs theoperation (as defined for respective architecture) after determining thearchitecture based on this indication.

TABLE 5 Architectural Indications from the eNB Purpose CU_DU_Split_TypeArch1 CU: PDCP; DU: RLC/MAC/PHY Arch 2 CU: PDCP/RLC; DU: MAC/PHY Arch 3CU: PDCP/RLC_(low); DU: RLC_(high)/MAC/PHY Arch 4 CU: PDCP/RLC/MAC; DU:PHY Indication Y Indicates whether the UE 102 needs to perform operationas defined for the mobility scenario 1B. If this indication is not therethen the UE 102 performs operation as defined for the mobility scenario1A based on CU_DU_Split_Type

In an embodiment, a full re-configuration indication can be sent to theUE 102. If the UE 102 receives this indication then

-   -   a) SN Handling: SN is reset.    -   b) Security Key Handling: Security keys are refreshed.    -   c) HFN Handling: Hyper frame number or COUNT is reset.    -   d) SN Status Report Handling: The UE 102 does not send the SN        status report (e.g., PDCP SN status).    -   e) Retransmission Handling: The UE 102 does not attempt to        retransmit any SDU in the target DU for which transmission had        been completed in the source DU instead UE 102 starts the        transmission with other SDUs.    -   f) Reordering Handling: Reordering buffer is emptied.    -   g) ROHC Handling: Reset ROHC.    -   h) RLC Handling: The RLC is reset/re-established for each radio        bearer or radio flow which is part of current UE 102        configuration.    -   i) MAC Handling: The MAC entity is reset or re-established.    -   j) RA Handling: The RA is performed by the UE 102 in target DU.    -   k) All PDCP parameters/variables are reset

In an embodiment, the user plane layer i.e. L2 layer can be modelledwith two sub-layers instead of three sub-layers i.e. PDCP, RLC and MACsub-layers. If the L2 layer is modelled with two layers then it wouldresemble the architecture option as depicted in FIG. 2C wherein the PDCPand RLC upper forms the upper sub-layer and the RLC lower and MAC formsthe lower sub-layer. Regardless of the user plane is modelled as threesub-layer structure or two sub-layer structures, the user planeprocessing during DU/TRP switching scenarios can be indicated to the UE102 based on the functional indications as listed in Table 1 to Table 4.For example, some functions like concatenation and segmentation whichare implemented in the RLC sub-layer may be moved either to the RLClower and/or the MAC sub-layer. The re-ordering function within the RLCsub-layer and the PDCP sub-layer may be merged together in the PDCPsub-layer and/or the RLC upper sub-layer. Therefore, the functionalindications listed in Table 1 to Table 4 are applicable for user planeoperations regardless of where the corresponding function isimplemented.

In one embodiment, the ROHC and the security functions may not beapplied in the AS protocols since these functions can be implemented inthe gateway node (GW) 101 or a core network (CN) node. In this case, theUP indications for the ROHC and the security may not be needed.

The UE 102 may be configured for the dual connectivity (DC) operationwherein the master cell group (MCG) comprises of one or more LTEcarriers and the secondary cell group (SCG) comprises of one or more NRcarriers. Alternately, the UE 102 may be configured with the DCoperation wherein the MCG comprises the NR carriers while the SCGcomprises one of: LTE or NR carriers.

In one embodiment, one or more of the UP indications described earliercan also be sent to the UE 102 configured with the DC operation in belowscenarios and the UE 102 perform the operations as explained earlier.

a. When the bearer type is changed from a SCG Split to a SCG bearer(without SeNB change),b. When the bearer type is changed from a Split to Split bearerc. When the bearer type is changed from a SCG to SCG bearerd. When the bearer type is changed from a MCG Split to MCG Splite. When the bearer type is changed from a MCG Split to MCG bearer

Referring to FIGS. 8A and 8B, at 802, the UE 102 maintains (i.e. do notreset) the PDCP SN for each DRB which is part of current UE 102configuration. At 804, the method includes maintains (i.e. do not reset)the HFN for each DRB which is part of current UE 102 configuration. At806, the UE 102 determines that the Key refresh indication occurs. Ifthe Key refresh indication occurs then, at 808, the UE 102 refreshes theAS security keys.

If the key refresh indication does not occur then, at 810, the UE 102uses the already established AS security keys for each DRB which is partof current UE 102 configuration.

At 812, the UE 102 determines that the ROHC reset indication occurs. Ifthe ROHC reset indication occurs then, at 814, the UE 102 resets theROHC.

If the ROHC reset indication does not occur then, at 816, the UE 102maintains (i.e. do not reset) the ROHC state (if configured) for eachDRB which is part of current UE 102 configuration.

At 818, the UE 102 continues the PDCP reordering (i.e., The PDCP PDUsstored in the PDU reordering buffer are deciphered and decompressed andkept in the PDCP, associated with COUNT).

At 820, the UE 102 determines whether the indication X occurs. If theindication X does not occur then, at 828, the UE 102 performs that theRLC entity is not reset for each DRB which is part of current UE 102configuration.

At 830, the UE PDCP entity does not attempt to retransmit any PDCP SDUin the target DU for which transmission had been completed in the sourceDU instead UE PDCP entity starts the transmission with other PDCP SDUs.At 832, the UE 102 does not send PDCP status report.

If the indication X occurs then, at 822, the UE 102 resets the RLCentity for each DRB which is part of current UE 102 configuration.

At 824, the UE 102 re-transmits in the target DU all uplink PDCP SDUsstarting from the first PDCP SDU following the last consecutivelyconfirmed PDCP SDU i.e. the oldest PDCP SDU that has not beenacknowledged at RLC in the source DU, excluding the PDCP SDUs of whichthe reception was acknowledged through PDCP SN based reporting by thetarget DU.

At 826, the UE 102 sends the PDCP status report via the new DU.

At 834, the method includes determining whether the MAC reset indicationoccurs. If the MAC reset indication does not occur then, at 836, the MACentity is not reset.

If the MAC Reset indication occurs then at 838, the MAC entity is reset.

At 840, the UE 102 determines whether RA Indication occurs. If the RAindication does not occur then, at 842, the UE 102 does not perform theRA in target DU. If the RA Indication occurs then at 844, the UE 102performs the RA in the target DU.

FIGS. 9-11 are illustrating sequence diagrams depicting variousoperations performed, by the UE 102, for switching from the sourceTRP/DU to the target TRP/DU, according to an embodiment as disclosedherein.

In one embodiment, the procedure for TRP/DU switching (as shown in theFIG. 9) can be as follows:

At 902, the measurement configuration is provided by the CU/eNB 103 tothe UE 102 through the serving TRP for serving frequency. At 904, the UE102 performs the BRS based or some other RS based measurements ofneighbouring TRPs upon detecting neighbouring TRP/DU at the physicallayer and determining the TRP-Ids. At 906, filtering of measurements isperformed at the L3/RRC layer for newly detected TRP(s)/DU(s). Further,the UE 102 then evaluates the criteria for measurement comparison of theserving TRP/DU and one or more neighbouring TRP(s)/DU(s). If thecriteria to send the measurement report are met then, at 908, the UE 102sends the measurement report(s) associated with the serving andneighbouring TRP/DU. The measurement report is sent via the serving TRPto the CU/eNB 103. The measurement report may carry RSRP/RSRQmeasurements based on the BRS or some other RS of the serving TRP andone or more neighbouring TRP staged with the TRP-Id and TRP-Group Id orCell-Id. In case of the beamforming system, it may include the RSRP/RSRQof N best DL beams of serving TRP tagged with Beam-Id where N is thenumber of DL beams whose RSRP/RSRQ exceeds a threshold. Alternately itmay carry a TRP quality metric which is obtained by summation oraveraging of RSRP/RSRQ of N best DL beams.

The measurement report is processed by the CU 103 and the CU 103 decideswhether the TRP 105 needs to be switched or not. For switching theserving TRP, the CU 103 sends a signalling message i.e. RRC messageincluding the target TRP-Id. At 910, the signalling message is sent tothe UE 102 through the serving TRP. At 912, the signalling message mayinclude one or more functional indications discussed earlier forhandling the user plane operation in case of switching. It may alsoinclude information (e.g., DL beam ID, DL/UL PHY configuration and radioresource configuration, radio bearer/flow configuration etc.,) about thetarget TRP. It may also include the switching time.

In another embodiment, the procedure for the TRP/DU switching can be asshown in the FIG. 10 and the FIG. 11. In this case, the UE 102 performsthe random access procedure with the target TRP. The UE 102 identity canbe obtained by the target TRP from the UE 102 in MSG3. The target TRPforwards this to the CU 103 and the CU 103 then can send the UPindications to the UE 102 directly or via target TRP. In one embodiment,the target TRP itself can send the UP indications to the UE 102. Suchapproach where the target TRP sends the TRP switch/change command orbeam change command to the UE 102 as shown in the FIGS. 8A and 8B and 9.The system information is categorized in the minimum system informationwhich is broadcasted on the PBCH and other system information which maybe broadcasted or sent through the dedicated UE-specific signalling onthe PDSCH. The other system information comprises one or more systeminformation blocks broadcasted during system information time windowcalled SI-windows.

In an embodiment, the random access response (RAR) sent by the NB 103 orthe TRP 105 upon detection of the RA preamble can include a broadcastindicator/FLAG. If the broadcast indicator is set to “1’ or if the FLAGis set as ‘TRUE’ then one or more UEs 102 receiving the RAR caninterpret the eNB 103 will broadcast one or more system informationblocks associated with the other system information. If the broadcastindicator/FLAG is not included in the MIB or set to ‘O’ or ‘FALSE’ thenone or more UEs 102 receiving the RAR can interpret the NB will notbroadcast one or more system information blocks of the other systeminformation and UEs 102 need to acquire the other system informationthrough explicit request/response mechanism. In another embodiment, therandom access response (RAR) sent by the eNB 103 if it includes thebroadcast indicator/FLAG set to 1/TRUE shall also include the timinginformation of the one or more SI-windows associated with one or more SIblocks of the other system information. The SI-windows are indicated interms of the system frame number with reference to SFN zero i.e. firstradio frame.

UE identity handling and RLF aspects: If the UE 102 is able to send themeasurement report to the serving TRP comprising the RSRP/RSRQassociated with one or more TRP(s), the serving TRP needs to forward themeasurement report to the NB/CU 103 for deciding the TRP switching. TheeNB/CU 103 prepares the TRP switch/change command including the one ormore functional indications, L1/12 configuration and radio resourceconfiguration, radio bearer/flow configuration and provides to theserving TRP to be sent to the UE 102. Due to poor signal quality or ifthe UE 102 is at an edge of the TRP/DU coverage area, then the UE 102may not be able to receive the TRP switch/change command or may not beable to send the measurement report itself to the serving TRP/DU 105 forTRP switching. This situation is similar to the radio link failure (RLF)condition encountered by the UEs 102 in the LTE networks during handoverfrom one cell to another cell. However, the situation is slightlydifferent for the TRP switching within the same NB/CU (i.e. mobilityscenario 1A) because the UE context is present in the CU/NB. If the TRPswitching is between TRP(s) of different CU/NB (i.e. mobility scenario1B) then the source CU needs to prepare the target CU by making the UEcontext available at the target CU.

Further, the processing time to prepare the TRP switch/change command inmobility scenario 1A is relatively smaller than mobility scenario 1B.Therefore in the poor signal conditions or at the TRP/DU coverage areaedge scenario the probability of receiving the TRP switch/change commandis less in the mobility scenario 1B compared to the mobility scenario1A. However, in the mobility scenario 1A even if the UE 102 does notreceive the TRP switch/change command and the UE 102 try to connect withtarget TRP (i.e. UE based mobility) the UE 102 connection can be resumedin the target TRP by sending the TRP switch/change command from thetarget TRP, The UE based mobility can be supported without waiting forthe TRP switch/change command from the serving TRP. This is feasible ifthe UE 102 is provided with the list of TRP-Group Id and associatedTRP-Ids so that if the newly detected TRP by the UE 102 for which theevaluation criteria is met belongs to list of TRP-Group Id/TRP Idprovided by CU/NB 103 then the UE 102 is allowed to connect to thetarget TRP by initiating random access in the target TRP without waitingfor the TRP switch/change command from the source TRP. In such scenario,along with the measurement report, the UE 102 sends the indication tothe source TRP. This indication can also be sent by the UE 102 aftersending the measurement report. This indication can be sent through theRRC signalling or the MAC level signalling. The source TRP interpretsthe indication as the UE 102 will not wait for the reception of the TRPswitch command and the source TRP can stop scheduling the UE 102. Mostuser plane operation at the UE 102 is frozen temporarily, however, theUE 102 can initiate random access at the target TRP autonomouslyselected by the UE 102 from one of the TRPs reported in the measurementreport.

If the target TRP does not belong to the list of TRP-Group Id/TRP Idprovided by the CU/NB 103, the UE 102 is not allowed to connect to thetarget TRP autonomously just after sending the measurement report. Inthis scenario, the UE 102 shall wait for the TRP switch/change command.If the UE 102 does not receive the TRP switch/change command and the UE102 had declared RLF based on the expiry of the RLF timer (i.e. T310like timer of LTE) at the RRC level, the UE 102 shall then try tore-establish the RRC connection with the target TRP. Most user planeoperation at the UE 102 is frozen or suspended temporarily at the UE 102except for initiating the random access at the target TRP autonomouslyselected by the UE 102 from one of the TRPs reported in the measurementreport. The difference between the two procedures is as follows:

-   -   a) If target TRP belong to the TRP-Group id/TRP-Id then the UE        102 sends indication to the source TRP and can autonomously        connect to the target TRP without waiting for TRP switch/change        command. The UE 102 suspends or freezes the user plane operation        and receives the TRP switch/change command from the target TRP        to resume the data exchange with the target TRP based on the        functional indications received from target TRP.    -   b) If the target TRP does not belong to the TRP-Group id/TRP-Id        then the UE 102 sends the measurement report to source TRP and        waits for the reception of TRP switch/change command. If the RLF        condition is declared by the UE RRC and the TRP switch/change        command not received then the UE 102 sends RRC re-establishment        request message to target TRP and either receives RRC        re-establishment message or RRC re-establishment reject message        from the target TRP. The UE 102 suspends or freezes the user        plane operation and upon reception of the RRC re-establishment        message The UE 102 resumes the RRC connection with the target        TRP. If RRC re-establishment reject message received then UE 102        enters the idle mode and performs cell selection and sends RRC        connection request on TRP of selected cell.

In both case, the UE 102 is required to send the C-RNTI allocated by thesource TRP and the source TRP-Group Id and source TRP Id (i.e. sourceCell-Id) to the target TRP. In the RRC re-establishment case, the UE 102is also required to include the short MAC-I to resume the securitycontext whereas in the UE 102 based autonomous mobility the UE 102 isnot required to include the short MAC-I.

Referring to the FIG. 10, at 1002, the UE 102 sends the RA Preamble tothe target TRP 105 a. At 1004, the target TRP 105 a sends the RAR to theUE 102. At 1006, the UE 102 sends the BF Report along with the C-RNTI tothe target TRP 105 a. At 1008, the target TRP 105 a sends the UE Infoalong with the C-RNTI to the CU 103. At 1010, the CU 103 sends the UPIndications to the target TRP 105 a. At 1012, the target TRP 105 a sendsthe beam change command including one or more user plane handlingindications to the UE 102. At 1014, the UE 102 performs the user planeoperation according to the received indication

Referring to the FIG. 11, at 1102, the UE 102 sends the RA preamble tothe target TRP 105 a. At 1104, the target TRP 105 a sends the RAR to theUE 102. At 1106, the UE 102 sends the BF report along with the C-RNTI tothe target TRP 105 a. At 1108, the target TRP 105 a sends the UE Infoalong with the C-RNTI to the CU 103. At 1110, the CU 103 sends the UPIndications to the target TRP 105 a. At 1112, the target TRP 105 a sendsthe beam change command to the UE 102. At 1114, the CU 103 sends theRRCConnectionReconfiguration including one or more UP indications to theUE 102. At 1116, the UE 102 performs the user plane operation accordingto the received indication.

FIGS. 12A to 12E illustrate various architectures explained for the SDAPconfiguration handling, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.

SDAP Configuration Handling: The 5G system introduces the concept of QoSflows replacing the EPS bearer concept in the core network. This meansthe user plane between the CU/NB 103 and the gateway 101 is based on theQoS flow instead of the S1 bearer in the LTE system. For the particularUE 102, there can be one or more QoS flows between the CU/NB 103 and thedata gateway 101 depending on the characteristics of theapplication/service and the QoS handling of the traffic. The EPS bearerhandles all the user packets mapped to the EPS bearer with the same QoS.Within the EPS bearer, there is no further differentiated handling ofthe user plane packets. The QoS flow concept of the 5G system overcomesthis drawback of the EPS bearer concept of the LTE system. The packetsmapped to the different QoS flows belonging to the UE 102 traffic can behandled differently. To achieve the same differentiated handling in theLTE system, multiple EPS bearers with different QoS parameters need tobe created. In the 5G system, all the different QoS flows of the UE 102are handled by the PDU session between the CU/NB 103 and the datagateway 101. The UE 102 may have more than one PDU session depending onthe number of the PDN connections. However, for one PDN connection onePDU session is created. At high level, the PDU session can be analogouswith the EPS bearer in the LTE system.

However, on the radio interface, the 5G system 100 has retained the DRBconcept for user plane handling. This requires that the one or more QoSflow belonging to the PDU session of the UE 102 is mapped to the DRBdepending on the QoS requirement. The mapping of the QoS flow to the DRBis done in the RAN node i.e. the CU/NB 103 within the new user planeprotocol layer called SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layerwhich is placed above the PDCP. The SDAP entities are located in theSDAP sublayer. Several SDAP entities may be defined for the UE. There isthe SDAP entity configured per cell group for each individual PDUsession. The SDAP entity in the SDAP sublayer performs mapping betweenthe QoS flow and the data radio bearer for both the DL and the UL.

For non-standalone deployments of the 5G system 100 where inter-workingbetween the LTE and the NR is envisioned within the dual connectivityframework there are several options to deploy the LTE-NR DC. In anarchitecture (also referred as architecture option 3 in the 3GPP (asshown in the FIG. 12A)), a LTE eNB 107 is Master node (MN), a NR gNB 103is Secondary node (SN), and the MN is connected to an EPC 106. In thisoption, the MCG split bearer is configured to use the gNB 103.

In another architecture option i.e. 3A, the LTE eNB 107 is Master node(MN), the NR gNB 103 is Secondary node (SN) and the MN and SN areconnected to the EPC 106. In option 3A, there is a direct SCG bearer touse the gNB 103. In another architecture option 3X (as shown in the FIG.12B), the LTE eNB 107 is Master node (MN), the NR gNB 103 is Secondarynode (SN) and the MN and SN are connected to the EPC 106. In thisoption, the SCG split bearer is configured to use the gNB 103. Thearchitecture option3/3a/3x is also called E-UTRAN NR dual connectivityi.e. EN-DC.

In another architecture, the LTE eNB 107 is Master node (MN), the NR gNB103 is Secondary node (SN), and the MN is connected to the 5G Core. Inthis option MCG split bearer is configured to use the gNB 103. Inanother architecture option i.e. 7A, LTE eNB 107 is Master node (MN),the NR gNB 103 is Secondary node (SN) and the MN and SN are connected tothe 5G core. In option 7A (as shown in the FIG. 12C), there is a directSCG bearer to use the gNB 103. In another architecture option 7X (asshown in the FIG. 12D), the LTE eNB 107 is Master node (MN), the NR gNB103 is Secondary node (SN) and the MN and SN are connected to the 5Gcore. In this option SCG split bearer is configured to use gNB 103.

In another architecture (also referred as architecture option 4 (asshown in the FIG. 12E)) the NR gNB 103 is Master node (MN) and the LTEeNB 107 is Secondary node (SN), and the MN is connected to the 5G Core.In this option, the MCG split bearer is configured to use the eNB. Inanother architecture option i.e. 4A, the NR gNB 103 is Master node (MN),the LTE eNB 107 is Secondary node (SN) and the MN and SN are connectedto the 5G core. In option 4A, there is a direct SCG bearer to use theeNB.

The SDAP layer may not be needed in all architecture options, so thatthe SDAP layer configuration should be optional for EN-DC from the QoSmapping perspective. This is because the EN-DC architecture will retainthe EPS bearer concept because the core is the EPC 106. However, the NRUE which supports the LTE-NR interworking is not aware of thearchitecture option the operator has deployed and in roaming scenariosdifferent architecture options may be supported by different networkoperators. In other words this means the network architecture is notexposed to the NR UE and hence some kind of indication is required tothe UE, whether the UE 102 creates SDAP entity or not.

If the 5G CU/NB 103 or the gNB 103 is connected to legacy 4G nodes i.e.the EPC 106 then the SDAP entity is not required. The question is howthe UE 102 knows in what scenario the SDAP entity is required and inwhat scenario it is not required.

In an embodiment, for architecture option 3/3a/3x: SDAP layer is notneeded as core network is the EPC 106 which does not support QoS Flows

In an embodiment, for architecture option 4/4a: SDAP layer is needed ascore network is 5G core which support QoS Flows

In an embodiment, for architecture option 7/7a/7x: SDAP layer is neededas core network is 5G core which support QoS Flows

In the architecture option 3/3a/3x from the UE 102 point of view thereis one to one mapping between the DRB and the EPS bearer so the SDAPlayer is not needed. There is no PDU session nor QoS flow concept forarchitecture option 3/3a/3x.

In an example (as in architecture option 3/3a/3x), the LTE is masternode and the NR gNB 103 is secondary node or slave. For the MCG beareri.e. DRB handled by the MN (i.e., LTE eNB 107): the SDAP layer is notneeded in the LTE UP stack because the DRB is mapped to the EPS bearerin the EPC 106. For the MCG split bearer i.e. DRB handled by the MN(i.e., LTE eNB 107): SDAP layer is not needed in LTE UP stack becausethe DRB is mapped to EPS bearer in the EPC 106. For the SCG bearer i.e.DRB handled by the SN (i.e., NR gNB 103): The SDAP layer is not neededin the NR UP stack because the DRB is mapped to the EPS bearer in theEPC 106. Similarly for the SCG split bearer, the SDAP layer is notneeded in the NR UP stack because the DRB is mapped to the EPS bearer inthe EPC 106. In another example, (as in architecture option 7/7a/7x):the LTE is master node and the NR gNB 103 is secondary node or slave.For the MCG or MCG split bearer i.e. DRB handled by the MN: the SDAPlayer is needed in the UP stack of the LTE because the DRB needs to bemapped to appropriate QoS flow which is handled by the PDU sessiontowards the data gateway in the 5G Core. For the SCG bearer i.e. DRBhandled by the SN (i.e., NR gNB 103): the SDAP layer is needed in NR UPstack because the DRB needs to be mapped to appropriate QoS flow whichis handled by the PDU session towards the data gateway in the 5G Core.Similarly for the SCG split bearer, the SDAP layer is needed in the NRUP stack because the DRB needs to be mapped to appropriate QoS flowwhich is handled by the PDU session towards the data gateway 101 in the5G core.

Based on the above explanation, in case of LTE-NR dual connectivity, theSDAP layer needs to be created for the radio bearer (MCG or SCG or SCGsplit or MCG split) depending on the network architecture. A method isneeded which enables the UE 102 to decide whether to create SDAP entityor not in UP stack for a radio bearer (MCG or SCG or SCG split or MCGsplit). For SCG and SCG split, the UP stack is the NR UP stack. For MCGand MCG split, the UP stack is LTE UP stack.

In an embodiment when the DRB (MCG or SCG or MCG split or SCG Split) isconfigured, the EPS bearer ID is included in the DRB configuration.Since the EPS bearer ID is included in the DRB configuration, the UE 102implicitly understands that there is no need to create the new SDAPlayer entity. Further, the network signals the EPS bearer ID for thearchitecture option (e.g., 3/3a/3x) in which the MN/SN are connected tothe EPC 106. Further, the network does not signal the EPS bearer ID forthe architecture option (e.g., 7/7a/7x or 4/4a) in which the MN/SN areconnected to 5G core. If the EPS bearer ID is not included in DRBconfiguration, the UE 102 creates the SDAP layer entity. This solutionrequires that the EPS bearer ID should be made optional in the LTE DRBconfiguration. It also requires that the EPS bearer ID should beoptionally included in the NR DRB configuration. Further, the SDAP layerentity is associated with the PDU session. In an embodiment, if the PDUsession ID is included in the DRB configuration then the UE 102 createsthe SDAP layer entity and if the EPS bearer ID is included in the DRBconfiguration then the UE 102 does not create SDAP layer entity. Thissolution requires that PDU session ID should be optionally included inthe LTE DRB configuration. In an embodiment, if the SDAP configuration(includes the PDU Session ID, QoS flow to DRB mapping, etc.,) isincluded in the DRB configuration then the UE 102 creates the SDAP layerentity. This solution requires that the SDAP configuration should beoptionally included in the LTE DRB configuration.

In an embodiment, when the DRB (MCG or SCG or MCG split or SCG Split) isconfigured, the DRB to QoS flow mapping is included in the DRBconfiguration. Since the DRB to QoS flow mapping is included in the DRBconfiguration, the UE 102 implicitly understands that there is need tocreate the new SDAP layer entity. The network signals the DRB to QoSflow mapping for the architecture option (e.g., 7/7a/7x or 4/4a) inwhich the MN/SN are connected to the 5G core. The network does notsignal DRB to QoS flow mapping for the architecture option (e.g.,3/3a/3x) in which MN/SN are connected to the EPC 106. If the DRB to QoSflow mapping is not included in the DRB configuration, the UE 102 doesnot create the SDAP layer entity. This solution requires that the DRB tothe QoS flow mapping should be made optional in the LTE DRBconfiguration. It also requires that the DRB to QoS flow mapping shouldbe optionally included in the NR DRB configuration.

In another embodiment, when the DRB (MCG or SCG or MCG split or SCGSplit) is configured, if no EPS bearer ID is included in the DRBconfiguration, but if the DRB to QoS flow mapping is included in the DRBconfiguration, then the UE 102 creates SDAP layer entity.

In another embodiment, when the DRB (MCG or SCG or MCG split or SCGSplit) is configured, there can be explicit indication in the DRBconfiguration to create the SDAP layer entity. In an embodiment, thenetwork signals this indication to create the SDAP layer entity for thearchitecture option. (e.g., 7/7a/7x or 4/4a). It is to be noted thatabove methods can be applied for both MCG and SCG irrespective ofwhether CG is LTE or NR.

In another embodiment, the network may indicate the CN connectivity (EPC106 or 5GC) in dedicated signalling (e.g., RRC connectionreconfiguration or NAS signalling) or in broadcast signalling (e.g.,system information). Further, the UE 102 creates the SDAP layer entityif the CN connectivity is the 5GC otherwise not. If the LTE eNB 107 isthe MN and the CN connectivity is the 5GC, the UE 102 creates the SDAPlayer entity in the LTE UP stack. If the LTE eNB 107 is MN and the NRgNB 103 is SN and CN connectivity is 5GC, the UE 102 creates the SDAPlayer entity in the NR UP stack if the SCG bearer or SCG split bearer isconfigured.

In another scenario (scenario 2), for architecture Option 3a, LTE isMaster node (MN) and the NR gNB 103 is secondary node or slave; the SCGbearer is the DRB handled by the NR gNB 103: the SDAP layer is notneeded in the UP stack of the NR because the SCG DRB is terminated asthe EPS bearer i.e. S1 bearer towards the SGW.

For architecture option 7a: the LTE is Master node (MN) and the NR gNB103 is secondary node (SN) or slave; SCG bearer is the DRB handled bythe NR gNB 103: The SDAP layer is needed in the UP stack of the NRbecause the SCG DRB needs to be mapped to respective QoS flow which ishandled by the PDU session towards the data gateway in the 5G Core. Inan embodiment, when the DRB is configured i.e. SCG DRB is created, theDRB to QoS flow mapping is included, then the UE 102 creates the SDAPlater entity in the NR UP stack. If the DRB to QoS flow mapping is notincluded, then the UE 102 does not create the SDAP later entity in theNR UP stack. In another embodiment, when the DRB is configured i.e. SCGDRB is created, then explicit indication to create the SDAP layer entityin the NR UP stack is included in the DRB configuration.

In another scenario (scenario 3) for architecture option, 3x the LTE isMaster node (MN) and the NR gNB 103 is secondary node or slave; SCGsplit bearer i.e. DRB having PDCP entity in SCG i.e. the NR gNB 103 andtwo RLC entities; one RLC entity in NR and another RLC entity in LTE:SDAP layer is not needed in UP stack of NR because the SCG split DRB isterminated as EPS bearer i.e. S bearer towards the SGW in EPC 106. Forarchitecture Option 7x: LTE is master node (MN) and the NR gNB 103 issecondary node (SN) or slave; SCG split bearer i.e. DRB having PDCPentity in SCG i.e. NR gNB 103 and two RLC entities; one RLC entity in NRand another RLC entity in LTE: SDAP layer is needed in UP stack of NR.The same approaches mentioned above for scenario 2 can be reused in thethird scenario.

For option 3a in an example, when the SCG bearer is created i.e. DRBhandled by the NR gNB 103, the SDAP layer is not needed because the SCGDRB is terminated as the EPS bearer i.e. S bearer towards the SGW in theEPC 106. However, how to indicate that with QoS flow mapping in the NRRRC signalling needs to be defined. In an embodiment, absence of QoSflow to DRB mapping indicates that the SDAP entity is not created in theNR UP stack by the UE 102.

Even if the QoS flow mapping is present then such mapping is one-to-onemapping between the QoS flow and the DRB which implicitly means the DRBis mapped with EPS bearer (DRB-to-EPS bearer is one-to-one mapping) butthere either needs the EPS bearer ID or the explicit indication.

For the SCG bearer configuration which can be done via direct SCG SRB,there is needed to indicate the EPS bearer ID even in the NR signalling.Presence or absence of EPS bearer ID or E-RAB can indicate whether tocreate the SDAP layer or not in NR UP stack.

All options are feasible including supporting the EPS bearer ID in theNR RRC signalling because the NAS is the LTE NAS for EN-DC. Further, theNR RRC and the LTE NAS need to inter-work. In RRC signalling for the NR,the option to include the EPS bearer ID in the DRB configuration. Ifpresent, no need to create the SDAP layer entity, otherwise create ifnot present. Anyway since LTE NAS will be modified to support the QoSflows the impacts should either be in the LTE NAS or the NR RRC and notat both protocol layers.

In the LTE RRC signalling, there is needed to make the EPS bearer IDoptional whereas the Rel-14 LTE RRC signalling EPS bearer ID ismandatory.

FIG. 13 illustrates various modules of the gNodeB, according to anembodiment as disclosed herein. The primary blocks present in the gNodeBfor communication with the UE 102 include a communication module 1302, acontrol signaling module 1304, a processor 1306, a memory 1308 and auser plane management unit 1310.

The 5G NB comprises the CU 103 and TRP/DU 105 implemented either isdistributed manner or centralized manner. In an embodiment, thecommunication module 1302 is configured to broadcast synchronizationsignal i.e. PSS/SSS and beam index sequence and minimum systeminformation on PBCH to the plurality of UEs 102. In an embodiment, thecommunication module 1302 is configured to perform the user planeoperations corresponding to the PDCP, the RLC, the MAC and the PHYlayers for transmission/reception to/from the plurality of UEs 102. Inanother embodiment, the communication module 1302 is configured totransmit one or more functional indications to the plurality of UEs 102.In an embodiment, the communication module 1302 is configured tocommunicate the RRC signaling to and from the UE 102.

For example, the wireless communication module in the CU 103 can beconfigured to communicate the TRP switch/change command to one or moreUEs 102. Further, the communication module 1302 in the CU 103 can beconfigured to transmit and receive data from one or more UEs 102according to physical layer waveform and coding for next generationwireless system.

Further, the control signaling module 1304 in the CU 103 can beconfigured to prepare the related RRC messages to be transmitted to theUE 102 and also can be configured to parse the related RRC messagereceived from the UE 102. Further, the control signaling module 1304 inthe CU 103 can be configured to determine the bearer to be transmittedover within respective cells 104 in the NB's. The bearer describedherein can either be the DRB or a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB). Theselection of the bearer is based on several variables, which include forexample, but are not limited to, Quality of Service requirements (QoS),traffic characteristics of the bearer, and load and coverage area of theserving cell of the NB.

The processor 1306 is configured to synchronize the operations andexecutes the instructions based on the timing signals generated by aclock chip. The processor 1306 is in communication with thecommunication module 1302, the control signaling module 1304, the memory1308 and the user plane management unit 1310.

Further, the memory 1308 is also configured to store information relatedto operation of the 5G NB/CU 103 and the UE 102. The memory 1308 can beconfigured to store various UE related configurations when the UE 102 isin connected mode and the UE capabilities for one or more UEs 102 etc.

Further, the user plane management unit 1310 is responsible for variousaspects like beam level mobility, TRP switching and cell level mobilityetc. The user plane management unit 1310 in the CU 103 may be configuredto evaluate the TRP switch and handover decisions based on the BRSmeasurement reports sent by one or more UEs 102. The CU 103 receives themeasurement reports from one or more UEs 102 and decides to perform TRPswitch and/or handover for that particular UE 102. Similarly, the userplane management unit 1310 in the CU 103 can be configured to receivethe measurement reports for handling the TRP switching for one or moreUEs 102.

The user plane management unit 1310 is configured to determine whetherthe anchor point in the network for the PDCP entity associated with theat least one data radio bearer established for the UE 102 is changed.Further, the user plane management unit 1310 is configured to transmitthe signaling message including the control information to the UE 102.The control information includes one of the PDCP re-establish indicationand the security key change indication if the anchor point in thenetwork for the PDCP entity associated with the at least one data radiobearer established for the UE 102 is changed.

Although the FIG. 13 shows the hardware components of the gNodeB but itis to be understood that other embodiments are not limited thereon. Inother embodiments, the gNodeB may include less or more number ofcomponents. Further, the labels or names of the components are used onlyfor illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the invention.One or more components can be combined together to perform same orsubstantially similar function to manage the user plane operation in thewireless communication system 100.

FIG. 14 illustrates various units in the UE 102, according to anembodiment as disclosed herein. The UE 102 includes a communicationmodule 1402, a control signaling module 1404, a processor 1406, a memory1408, a user plane management unit 1410 and a display module 1412. Theprocessor 1406 is in communication with the communication module 1402,the control signaling module 1404, the memory module 1308, the userplane management unit 1410 and the display module 1412.

In an embodiment, the communication module 1402 is configured to decodethe synchronization signal, the beam index sequence, and the minimumsystem information broadcasted on the PBCH by the 5G NB 103. In anembodiment, the communication module 1402 is configured to receive oneor more functional indications from the. In yet another embodiment, thecommunication module 1402 is configured to receive the TRP switch/changecommand transmitted by the 5G NB 103. In an embodiment, thecommunication module 1402 is configured to communicate the RRC signalingto and from the 5G NB 103.

In an example, the wireless communication module 1402 in the UE 102 canbe configured to communicate to transmit the measurement report or theRRC re-establishment request message to the 5G NB 103 and receive theTRP switch/change command or RRC re-establishment message from the 5GeNB 103. Further, the communication module 1402 in the UE 102 canperform random access procedure on the TRP/cell of the next generationRAT served by the 5G NB 103.

Further, the communication module 1402 in the UE 102 can be configuredto transmit and receive data from the 5G NB 103 according to thephysical layer waveform and coding assumed for next generation wirelesssystem 100. The control signaling module 1404 in the UE 102 can beconfigured to prepare the related RRC messages to be transmitted to the5G NB 103 and also can be configured to parse the related RRC messagereceived from the 5G NB 103.

The memory 1408 is also configured to store information related to UE102 operation. The memory 1408 can be configured to store variousconfigurations like minimum system configuration received in the MIB,measurement configuration, etc. received from the 5G NB 103. The userplane management unit 1410 in the UE 102 is responsible for variousaspects like TRP switching, cell level mobility and beam level mobilityetc. The user plane management unit 1410 in the UE 102 may be configuredto evaluate the TRP switching criteria, handover events based on the BRSmeasurements and perform CSI-RS RSRP measurements respectively.

The user plane management unit 1410 is configured to receive thesignaling message from the gNodeB. Further, the user plane managementunit 1410 is configured to determine whether the signaling messageincludes the control information comprising one of the PDCP re-establishindication and the security key change indication. Further, the userplane management unit 1410 is configured to perform the at least oneoperation for the at least one data radio bearer if the UE 102determines that signaling message includes one of the PDCP re-establishindication and the security key change indication.

The display module 1412 in the UE 102 can be configured so that user caninput information or information can output on the display for the userto understand some UE operations when the UE 102 is operating in thedual connectivity mode of operation. Most of the UE operations aretransparent to the user and may not need user input or output on thedisplay.

Although the FIG. 14 shows the hardware components of the UE 110 but itis to be understood that other embodiments are not limited thereon. Inother embodiments, the UE 110 may include less or more number ofcomponents. Further, the labels or names of the components are used onlyfor illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the invention.One or more components can be combined together to perform same orsubstantially similar function to manage the user plane operation in thewireless communication system 100.

The various actions, acts, blocks, steps, or the like in the flowdiagrams may be performed in the order presented, in a different orderor simultaneously. Further, in some embodiments, some of the actions,acts, blocks, steps, or the like may be omitted, added, modified,skipped, or the like without departing from the scope of the invention.

The embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using at least onesoftware program running on at least one hardware device and performingnetwork management functions to control the elements. The elements shownin the FIGS. 1A through 14 include blocks which can be at least one of ahardware device, or a combination of hardware device and softwaremodule.

The architecture options shown in the FIGS. 2A to 2E include variousunits, blocks, modules, or steps described in relation with methods,processes, algorithms, or systems of the present disclosure, which canbe implemented using any general purpose processor and any combinationof programming language, application, and embedded processor.

The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fullyreveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, byapplying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for variousapplications such specific embodiments without departing from thegeneric concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modificationsshould and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and rangeof equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood thatthe phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose ofdescription and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodimentsherein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, thoseskilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can bepracticed with modification within the spirit and scope of theembodiments as described herein.

Although the present disclosure has been described with an exemplaryembodiment, various changes and modifications may be suggested to oneskilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompasssuch changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a source distributed unit(DU), the method comprising: receiving, from a centralized unit (CU), amessage including a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration; andtransmitting, to a user equipment (UE), the RRC reconfiguration, whereinthe RRC reconfiguration message includes an indicator to perform apacket data convergence protocol (PDCP) data recovery or an indicator toperform PDCP re-establishment.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving, from the UE, a measurement report includinginformation on one or more neighboring cells; and transmitting, to theCU, the measurement report.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the CU isassociated with a PDCP entity, and wherein the source DU or a target DUis associated with a radio link control (RLC) entity and a medium accesscontrol (MAC) entity.